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| Authors | Main used variable | Results |
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| Brill et al. (2019) [3] | (A) Perceived trust, information privacy
(D) User’s satisfaction | User value of Siri and Alex (+) |
| Lee et al. (2019) [4] | (A) Hedonic motivation, compatibility, perceived security
(D) User’s satisfaction | Both the antecedent variables have a positive (+) effect on the dependent variable which is satisfaction. However, negative (-) influence on intention to continue use |
| Hsieh and Lee (2021) [5] | (A) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust, anthropomorphic
(D) Continuous use | As for the antecedent variable, three factors had a positive (+) effect, but only anthropomorphic factors such as people had a negative (-) effect on the intention to continue use |
| Farah et al. (2020) [6] | (A) Affective experience with brands, impulsiveness, word of mouth, continued interaction with Amazon’s purchasing solutions
(D) Continuous purchase | If the existing impulsive buyer used the smart speaker, the impulsive purchase continues. However, market share is not sustainable |
| Han and Yang (2020) [7] | (A) Device design, user interface, personal information, and security
(D) Intention to continue use | Among the antecedent variables, personal information and security have a negative (-) effect on the dependent variable |
| Lee (2020) [8] | (A) IoT is vulnerable to personal information and security
(D) Stability | The risk of privacy infringement of IoT affects the stability (-) |
| Lee and Choi (2017) [9] | (A) Self-disclosure and reciprocity, intimacy, trust, and interactional enjoyment
(D) Satisfaction, continuous use | Among the antecedent variables, only intimacy has a negative (-) effect on satisfaction |
| Lin et al. (2019) [10] | (A) Social impact, pleasure motive, anthropomorphism, performance, and effort expectation, emotions
(D) User’s acceptance intention | Although anthropomorphism had a positive (+) effect on the acceptance intention dependent variable, it is difficult to expect a level like that of humans |
| Mamonov and Koufaris (2020) [11, 12] | (A) Techno-coolness includes factors of modern, futuristic, advanced feel, and fun
(D) Perceived enjoyment of information, services, and systems | Techno-coolness has a positive (+) effect on the intention to accept technology in smart home service. |
| Mulcahy et al. (2020) [13] | (A) Optimism, innovation, discomfort, and insecurity
(D) Perceived risk and trust, user’s adoption intention | Discomfort and insecurity negatively affect user adoption intention |
| Nguyen et al. (2019) [14] | (A) Voice user interface (VUI) information quality, system quality, information satisfaction, and system satisfaction
Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, mobile self-efficacy, trust, perceived enjoyment, and perceived risk
(D) Attitude toward VUI use, VUI use continuance intention | Mobile self-efficacy and trust influence negative (-) |
| Park et al. (2018) [15] | (A) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and perceived privacy risks
(D) Intention to adopt smart speakers | Perceived ease of use negatively (-) affects.
Intention to adopt smart speakers |
| Roy et al. (2019) [16] | (A) Aesthetics, superior functionality, social presence, perceived interactivity, and perceived personalization
(D) Smart experience cocreation, consumers’ service brand equity, and word of mouth intentions | All antecedent variables have a positive (+) effect on smart consumer experience cocreation, brand equity, and word of mouth |
| Shin et al. (2018) [17] | (A) Compatibility, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness
(D) Purchase intention | For smart home/product, both antecedent variables have a positive (+) effect on purchase intention |
| Wu et al. (2017) [18] | (A) Interaction style (friend-like and engineer-like communication)
(D) Consumers’ brand perception | Friend-like interaction style has a greater influence on brand intimacy. User’s brand intimacy is mediated by brand warmth and competence |
| Flavian et al. (2021) [19] | (A) Technology readiness (optimism, innovativeness, discomfort, insecurity, and awareness)
(D) Intention to use AI (robo-advisors) | Innovativeness and discomfort had a negative (-) effect on the dependent variable |
| Vitezić &Perić (2021) [20] | (A) Anthropomorphism, hedonic, social influence, performance expectancy, effort expectancy
(D) Emotion, willingness to use AI devices | Only anthropomorphism has a negative (-) effect on the dependent variable |
| Belanche et al. (2020) [21] | (A) Humanoid anthropomorphism
(D) Intention to use humanoid service robot | In a group with high-risk aversion among customers, if a humanoid feels like a machine rather than a human, the intention to use it is low |
| Gaur et al. (2021) [22] | (A) Artificial intelligence and robotics, cleanliness and hygiene, health care and wellness
(D) Research direction of AI robotics | By integrating AI robots to secure customer trust in the hotel industry, an alternative means to a pandemic such as COVID-19 |
| Gaur et al. (2021) [22]&Romero and Lado (2021) [23] | (A) Health history, health importance, perceived susceptibility, prevention efficacy, anthropomorphism, and social presence
(D) Attitude, booking intentions | Antecedent variables A positive (+) effect on the dependent variable.
Anthropomorphism positively affects prevention efficacy and attitude |
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