School-Issued Devices for Home Use in Kindergarten through 5^th Grade and Parent Perceptions of Child Learning, Behavior, and Conflict

Table 1

Rotated factor loadings for building academic skills and entertainment use on school-issued devices.

Item		2020				2021
		Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4
		Build academic skills	Entertainment	Communication/research	Design	Build academic skills	Entertainment	Communication/research	Design
1.	Build academic skills; (e.g., practice math,; spelling words, and reading)	0.89	0.05	0.24	0.23	0.87	0.08	0.31	0.20
2.	Communicate with teacher; (e.g., email and messaging)	0.30	0.18	0.85	0.24	0.43	0.09	0.82	0.22
3.	Communicate with classmates for; school-related things; (e.g., email and messaging)	0.17	0.18	0.76	0.46	0.17	0.24	0.80	0.39
4.	Create or design things based on; personal interest—not school assigned; (e.g., take pictures, drawing,; multimedia production,; and 3D modeling)	0.20	0.30	0.20	0.87	0.18	0.37	0.34	0.78
5.	Create or design things for; school projects; (e.g., take pictures, drawing,; multimedia production,; and 3D modeling)	0.30	0.06	0.58	0.66	0.26	0.22	0.50	0.67
6.	Research to learn about topics; of personal interest	0.34	0.30	0.71	0.09	0.26	0.35	0.30	0.79
7.	Research to learn about topics; for school projects or homework	0.47	0.16	0.78	0.12	0.25	0.23	0.71	0.47
8.	Play educational games; (i.e., games that; are for learning, like math,; reading, and coding)	0.87	0.04	0.35	0.05	0.78	0.39	0.22	0.23
9.	Play entertainment games; (e.g., Minecraft, Mario, and; World of Goo)	0.00	0.87	0.27	0.21	0.16	0.84	0.23	0.31
10.	Watch video primarily for; entertainment	0.22	0.90	0.12	0.11	0.20	0.86	0.10	0.32
11.	Watch video in order to learn; new information or a new skill	0.74	0.25	0.28	0.24	0.19	0.48	0.34	0.69

Note: bold values represent the items included in that factor.