Research Article
School-Issued Devices for Home Use in Kindergarten through 5th Grade and Parent Perceptions of Child Learning, Behavior, and Conflict
Table 1
Rotated factor loadings for building academic skills and entertainment use on school-issued devices.
| Item | 2020 | 2021 | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | Build academic skills | Entertainment | Communication/research | Design | Build academic skills | Entertainment | Communication/research | Design |
| 1. | Build academic skills (e.g., practice math, spelling words, and reading) | 0.89 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.87 | 0.08 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 2. | Communicate with teacher (e.g., email and messaging) | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.85 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.09 | 0.82 | 0.22 | 3. | Communicate with classmates for school-related things (e.g., email and messaging) | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.76 | 0.46 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.80 | 0.39 | 4. | Create or design things based on personal interest—not school assigned (e.g., take pictures, drawing, multimedia production, and 3D modeling) | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.18 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.78 | 5. | Create or design things for school projects (e.g., take pictures, drawing, multimedia production, and 3D modeling) | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.58 | 0.66 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.50 | 0.67 | 6. | Research to learn about topics of personal interest | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.79 | 7. | Research to learn about topics for school projects or homework | 0.47 | 0.16 | 0.78 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.71 | 0.47 | 8. | Play educational games (i.e., games that are for learning, like math, reading, and coding) | 0.87 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.78 | 0.39 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 9. | Play entertainment games (e.g., Minecraft, Mario, and World of Goo) | 0.00 | 0.87 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 10. | Watch video primarily for entertainment | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.86 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 11. | Watch video in order to learn new information or a new skill | 0.74 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.48 | 0.34 | 0.69 |
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Note: bold values represent the items included in that factor.
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