The Impact of Smartphone and Social Media Use on Adolescent Sleep Quality and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Table 1

Participant characteristics.

	(%)/ (SD)
Age (years)	13.97 (0.67)
Gender
Male	72 (40.0%)
Female	100 (55.6%)
Nonbinary	7 (3.9%)
Race
White	165 (91.7%)
Black	2 (1.1%)
American Indian or Alaska Native	1 (0.6%)
Asian	3 (1.7%)
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	0 (0.0%)
Biracial	4 (2.2%)
Other	5 (2.8%)
Ethnicity
Hispanic	5 (3.1%)
Non-Hispanic	158 (96.9%)

Note: one person did not report gender. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.