|
| Motivation type | Measure (references) | Studies using it | Reliability |
|
| Escape | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .94 |
| Escapism (immersion) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .65 |
| Escapism | Pokémon Go Motives scale [48] | 1 | .86 |
| Escape | Reason for playing videogames (RPVG, [49]) | 1 | .83 |
| Escapism | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .82 |
| Escape | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .846 |
| Escaping | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
| Escapism | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .881 |
| Escapism | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .82 |
| Escapism | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .62 |
| Competition | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .95 |
| Competition (achievement) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .75 |
| Competition (social motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38]. | 1 | .76 |
| Competition | Motivation questionnaire created by authors [39] | 1 | .74 |
| Competition | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .76 |
| Competition | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29] | 2 | .86 |
| Competition | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .868 |
| Competition | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .75 |
| Coping | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .94 |
| Coping | Electronic Gaming Motive Questionnaire (EGMQ, [41]) | 1 | .794 |
| Coping | Motivation questionnaire created by authors [39] | 1 | .64 |
| Coping | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .87 |
| Fantasy | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .92 |
| Fantasy (ego-centered motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .66 |
| Fantasy | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .82 |
| Fantasy | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29] | 2 | .88 |
| Fantasy | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .911 |
| Fantasy | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .91 |
| Social | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .94 |
| Social | Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Inventory (MMI, [42]) | 5 | .76 |
| Socialization | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .857 |
| Social | Electronic Gaming Motive Questionnaire (EGMQ, [41]) | 1 | .699 |
| Socializing (social) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .80 |
| Teamwork (social) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .71 |
| Relationship (social) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .74 |
| Relationship | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .76 |
| Community (social motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .71 |
| Social capital (social motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .81 |
| Team play (social motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .87 |
| Social | Online Gaming Motivations Scale [27] | 5 | .77 |
| Socialization | Massively Multiplayer Online Games Motivation Scale (MMO-MS, [33]) | 3 | .819 |
| Socializing | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
| Social | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .891 |
| Socializing | Motivation questionnaire created by authors [39] | 1 | .84 |
| Social | Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Inventory (MMI, [42]) | 1 | .76 |
| Social interaction | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .83 |
| Social interaction | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29] | 2 | .81 |
| Social interaction | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .92 |
| Social external regulations | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .93 |
| Social interaction | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .849 |
| Social interaction | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]); | 2 | .79 |
| Socializers | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .838 |
| Skill development | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .94 |
| Recreation | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .92 |
| Recreation | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]); | 2 | .84 |
| Intrinsic motivation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
| Intrinsic motivation | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .90 |
| Intrinsic hedonic | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .94 |
| Integrated regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
| Identified regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
| Identified regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .94 |
| Introject regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
| External regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
| Game external regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .90 |
| Amotivation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
| Amotivation | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .83 |
| Self-gratification | Electronic Gaming Motive Questionnaire (EGMQ, [41]) | 1 | .842 |
| Enhancement | Electronic Gaming Motive Questionnaire (EGMQ, [41]) | 1 | .672 |
| Story | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .92 |
| Narrative | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | Not reported |
| Violence catharsis | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .91 |
| Loss-aversion | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .81 |
| Grinding/completion | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .79 |
| Customization | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .88 |
| Customization | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]); | 2 | .88 |
| Customization (immersion) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .74 |
| Challenge | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29]. | 2 | .80 |
| Challenge (ego-centered motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38]. | 1 | .64 |
| Challenge | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .811 |
| Challenge | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .72 |
| Arousal | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29]. | 2 | .85 |
| Arousal | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .896 |
| Arousal | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .83 |
| Diversion | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29]. | 2 | .89 |
| Diversion | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .889 |
| Diversion | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .81 |
| Discovery (immersion) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .73 |
| Role playing (immersion) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .87 |
| Advancement (achievement) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .79 |
| Mechanics (achievement) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .68 |
| Mechanics (content-related motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .64 |
| Achievement | Online Gaming Motivations Scale [27] | 5 | .74 |
| Achievement | Massively Multiplayer Online Games Motivation Scale (MMO-MS, [33]) | 3 | .816 |
| Achievement | Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Inventory (MMI, [42]) | 1 | .66 |
| Achievement | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
| Achievement | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .67 |
| Achiever | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .759 |
| Engagement | VideoGame play [45] | 1 | .96 |
| Immersion | Online Gaming Motivations Scale [27] | 5 | .75 |
| Immersion | Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Inventory (MMI, [42]) | 1 | .62 |
| Immersion | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
| Immersion | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .63 |
| Violent reward | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .93 |
| Violent reward | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .86 |
| Cognitive development | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .81 |
| Concentration | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .744 |
| Entertainment | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .959 |
| Learning | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .922 |
| Presence | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
| Relatedness | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
| Relatedness | Ubisoft Perceived Experience Questionnaire (UPEQ, [46]) | 1 | .84 |
| Autonomy | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
| Autonomy | Ubisoft Perceived Experience Questionnaire (UPEQ, [46]) | 1 | .86 |
| Autonomy/exploration | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .78 |
| Exploration (ego-centered motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | 1 |
| Exploration | Massively Multiplayer Online Games Motivation Scale (MMO-MS, [33]) | 3 | .750 |
| Competence | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
| Competence | Ubisoft Perceived Experience Questionnaire (UPEQ, [46]) | 1 | .82 |
| Competence (ego-centered motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .71 |
| Intuitive controls | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
| Narration | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .60 |
| Low cost | Motivation questionnaire created by authors [39] | 1 | .76 |
| Dissociation | Massively Multiplayer Online Games Motivation Scale (MMO-MS, [33]) | 3 | .833 |
| Moral self action | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .793 |
| Agency | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .791 |
| Pastime | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .886 |
| Performance | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .875 |
| Habit | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .930 |
| Relaxing | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
| Philanthropist | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .893 |
| Free spirit | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .723 |
| Disruptor | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .738 |
| Player | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .698 |
| Hi-tech | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .81 |
| Ego | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .89 |
| Realism | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .84 |
| Manipulation | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .73 |
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