|
Motivation type | Measure (references) | Studies using it | Reliability |
|
Escape | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .94 |
Escapism (immersion) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .65 |
Escapism | Pokémon Go Motives scale [48] | 1 | .86 |
Escape | Reason for playing videogames (RPVG, [49]) | 1 | .83 |
Escapism | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .82 |
Escape | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .846 |
Escaping | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
Escapism | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .881 |
Escapism | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .82 |
Escapism | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .62 |
Competition | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .95 |
Competition (achievement) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .75 |
Competition (social motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38]. | 1 | .76 |
Competition | Motivation questionnaire created by authors [39] | 1 | .74 |
Competition | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .76 |
Competition | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29] | 2 | .86 |
Competition | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .868 |
Competition | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .75 |
Coping | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .94 |
Coping | Electronic Gaming Motive Questionnaire (EGMQ, [41]) | 1 | .794 |
Coping | Motivation questionnaire created by authors [39] | 1 | .64 |
Coping | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .87 |
Fantasy | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .92 |
Fantasy (ego-centered motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .66 |
Fantasy | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .82 |
Fantasy | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29] | 2 | .88 |
Fantasy | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .911 |
Fantasy | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .91 |
Social | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .94 |
Social | Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Inventory (MMI, [42]) | 5 | .76 |
Socialization | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .857 |
Social | Electronic Gaming Motive Questionnaire (EGMQ, [41]) | 1 | .699 |
Socializing (social) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .80 |
Teamwork (social) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .71 |
Relationship (social) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .74 |
Relationship | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .76 |
Community (social motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .71 |
Social capital (social motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .81 |
Team play (social motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .87 |
Social | Online Gaming Motivations Scale [27] | 5 | .77 |
Socialization | Massively Multiplayer Online Games Motivation Scale (MMO-MS, [33]) | 3 | .819 |
Socializing | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
Social | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .891 |
Socializing | Motivation questionnaire created by authors [39] | 1 | .84 |
Social | Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Inventory (MMI, [42]) | 1 | .76 |
Social interaction | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .83 |
Social interaction | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29] | 2 | .81 |
Social interaction | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .92 |
Social external regulations | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .93 |
Social interaction | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .849 |
Social interaction | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]); | 2 | .79 |
Socializers | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .838 |
Skill development | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .94 |
Recreation | Motive for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ; [22]) | 5 | .92 |
Recreation | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]); | 2 | .84 |
Intrinsic motivation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
Intrinsic motivation | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .90 |
Intrinsic hedonic | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .94 |
Integrated regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
Identified regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
Identified regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .94 |
Introject regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
External regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
Game external regulation | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .90 |
Amotivation | Gaming Motivation Scale (GAMS, [32]) | 5 | Above .75 |
Amotivation | Gaming Motivation Scale developed by authors [43] | 1 | .83 |
Self-gratification | Electronic Gaming Motive Questionnaire (EGMQ, [41]) | 1 | .842 |
Enhancement | Electronic Gaming Motive Questionnaire (EGMQ, [41]) | 1 | .672 |
Story | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .92 |
Narrative | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | Not reported |
Violence catharsis | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .91 |
Loss-aversion | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .81 |
Grinding/completion | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .79 |
Customization | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .88 |
Customization | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]); | 2 | .88 |
Customization (immersion) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .74 |
Challenge | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29]. | 2 | .80 |
Challenge (ego-centered motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38]. | 1 | .64 |
Challenge | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .811 |
Challenge | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .72 |
Arousal | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29]. | 2 | .85 |
Arousal | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .896 |
Arousal | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .83 |
Diversion | Video Game Uses and Gratifications Scale [29]. | 2 | .89 |
Diversion | Smartphone Gaming Motivations [40] | 1 | .889 |
Diversion | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .81 |
Discovery (immersion) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .73 |
Role playing (immersion) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .87 |
Advancement (achievement) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .79 |
Mechanics (achievement) | Motivation to play in Online Games Questionnaire (MPOGQ; [26]) | 9 | .68 |
Mechanics (content-related motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .64 |
Achievement | Online Gaming Motivations Scale [27] | 5 | .74 |
Achievement | Massively Multiplayer Online Games Motivation Scale (MMO-MS, [33]) | 3 | .816 |
Achievement | Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Inventory (MMI, [42]) | 1 | .66 |
Achievement | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
Achievement | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .67 |
Achiever | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .759 |
Engagement | VideoGame play [45] | 1 | .96 |
Immersion | Online Gaming Motivations Scale [27] | 5 | .75 |
Immersion | Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Inventory (MMI, [42]) | 1 | .62 |
Immersion | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
Immersion | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .63 |
Violent reward | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .93 |
Violent reward | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .86 |
Cognitive development | Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ, [28]) | 2 | .81 |
Concentration | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .744 |
Entertainment | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .959 |
Learning | Computer Gaming Motivation Scale [37] | 1 | .922 |
Presence | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
Relatedness | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
Relatedness | Ubisoft Perceived Experience Questionnaire (UPEQ, [46]) | 1 | .84 |
Autonomy | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
Autonomy | Ubisoft Perceived Experience Questionnaire (UPEQ, [46]) | 1 | .86 |
Autonomy/exploration | Gaming attitudes, motivations, and experiences scales (GAMES; [34]) | 2 | .78 |
Exploration (ego-centered motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | 1 |
Exploration | Massively Multiplayer Online Games Motivation Scale (MMO-MS, [33]) | 3 | .750 |
Competence | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
Competence | Ubisoft Perceived Experience Questionnaire (UPEQ, [46]) | 1 | .82 |
Competence (ego-centered motives) | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .71 |
Intuitive controls | The Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS, [30]) | 5 | Not reported |
Narration | Gaming Motive Scale [38] | 1 | .60 |
Low cost | Motivation questionnaire created by authors [39] | 1 | .76 |
Dissociation | Massively Multiplayer Online Games Motivation Scale (MMO-MS, [33]) | 3 | .833 |
Moral self action | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .793 |
Agency | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .791 |
Pastime | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .886 |
Performance | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .875 |
Habit | Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS; [35]) | 2 | .930 |
Relaxing | Motivation to play [36] | 1 | Not reported |
Philanthropist | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .893 |
Free spirit | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .723 |
Disruptor | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .738 |
Player | Gamification User Types Hexad Scale [44] | 1 | .698 |
Hi-tech | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .81 |
Ego | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .89 |
Realism | Ad Hoc Uses and Gratification Questionnaire [47] | 1 | .84 |
Manipulation | Ad Hoc questionnaire about MMORPGs’ motivations [25] | 1 | .73 |
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