The Role of Fintech on Bank Risk-Taking: Mediating Role of Bank’s Operating Efficiency

Table 2

Measurement of variables.

	Variable	Definition	Reference
1	Bank risk-taking
	-score	Natural logarithm of	Wang & Sui [52]
2	Fintech development
	Fintech	In fintech index, content analysis is adopted. Bank fintech is classified into five categories such as information transfer, risk management, resource allocation, clearing and payment, and technical base	Wang et al. [6]
3	Bank efficiency	The ratio of operating cost to total income	Wang et al. [6]
4	Control variables
	Size	Banks’ assets as a share of the total assets	Cubillas and González [53]
	Liquidity	The ratio of liquid assets to total assets	Hong et al. [54]
	Income diversification	The ratio of noninterest income to total income	Wang et al. [6]
	Shadow income	The ratio of the share of interbank business in total assets	Wang et al. [6]; Wang et al. [6]