| | FER classification method | Algorithm | Author, year |
| | Conventional machine learning algorithm | Viola-Jones algorithm | Candra Kirana et al., 2018 [34] | | Support vector machine (SVM) | Mao et al., 2019 [38] | | Healy et al., 2019 [43] | | Liang, 2019 [44] | | Kumar et al., 2020 [58] | | Mohan and Sael, 2021 [69] | | Support vector regression (SVR) | Sabri, 2020 [57] | | Extreme learning machine (ELM) | Murugappan et al., 2020 [59] | | Probabilistic neural network (PNN) | | Decision tree | Murugappan et al., 2020 [60] | | K-nearest neighbors (KNN) | Murugappan et al., 2020 [60] | | Mohan et al., 2021 [69] | | Multilayer perceptron (MLP) | Mohan and Seal, 2021 [69] | | Adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) | | Random forest (RF) |
| | Deep learning algorithm | Convolutional neural networks (CNN) | El Hammoumi et al., 2018 [31] | | Ma et al., 2018 [32] | | Sharma and Mansotra, 2019 [37] | | Sharma and Mansotra, 2019 [36] | | Hung et al., 2019 [39] | | Lasri et al., 2019 [40] | | Tang et al., 2019 [41] | | Dash et al., 2019 [45] | | Bian et al., 2019 [46] | | Mohamad Nezami et al., 2020 [49] | | Alrayassi and Shilbayeh, 2020 [50] | | Tang et al., 2020 [51] | | Zatarain Cabada et al., 2020 [53] | | Wang et al., 2020 [7] | | Dubbaka and Gopalan, 2020 [55] | | Rao & Rao, 2020 [61] | | Hingu, 2020 [62] | | Zakka and Vadapalli, 2020 [63] | | Siam et al., 2021 [65] | | Li et al., 2021 [66] | | Mohan et al., 2021 [68] | | Savchenko et al., 2022 [73] | | Hou et al., 2022 [74] | | Wu, 2022 [76] | | Neural network | Yang et al., 2018 [33] | | Deep belief network (DBN) | Dewan et al., 2018 [35] | | Long short-term memory (LSTM) | Leong, 2020 [52] | | Temporal relation network (TRN) | Pise et al., 2020 [56] | | Deep facial spatiotemporal network (DFSTN) | Liao et al., 2021 [64] | | Deep CNN (DCNN) | Mohan et al., 2021 [67] | | Mohan et al., 2022 [70] | | Gupta et al., 2022 [72] | | Squeeze and excitation-deep adaptation networks (SE-DAN) | Shen et al., 2022 [71] | | Multitask cascaded convolutional neural network (MTCNN) | Yuan, 2022 [75] |
| | Hybrid algorithm | Support vector machine+convolutional neural network (SVM+CNN) | Li and Wang, 2018 [30] | | Shi et al., 2019 [42] | | BERN (combination of temporal convolution, bidirectional LSTM, and attention mechanism) | Huang et al., 2019 [47] | | Hybrid convolutional neural network (hybrid CNN) | T. S and Guddeti, 2020 [48] | | Hybrid deep neural network (hybrid DNN) | Zhu and Chen, 2020 [54] |
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