The Digital Self-Efficacy Scale: Adaptation and Validation of Its Spanish Version

Table 1

Constructs associated with self-efficacy and technology.

Construct	Focus	Relevant instruments
Computer Self-Efficacy	Confidence in using computer technology effectively	Miura [33]; Murphy et al. [34]; Busch [35]; Compeau and Higgins [36]; Cassidy and Eachus [37]
Internet Self-Efficacy	Confidence in using the Internet effectively	Eastin and LaRose [26]; Kim and Glassman [38]; Kao et al. [39]
ICT Self-Efficacy	Confidence in using information and communication technologies	Hatlevik et al. [32]; Kiili et al. [40]; Tzafilkou et al. [41]
Technology Self-Efficacy	Confidence in contemporary computer technologies at different levels	Hopp and Gangadharbatla [42]; A. Weigold and I. Weigold [43]
Digital Self-Efficacy	Confidence in effectively navigating and adapting to technology in digital environments	Ulfert-Blank and Schmidt [44]