Research Article

Why Millennials Continue to Use WhatsApp? A Focus on Culture and Computer–Human Dialogue

Table 1

The persuasive dialogue support principles employed by WhatsApp.

Principle of persuasive dialogue technologyFeature in WhatsAppExplanation and illustrative example in WhatsApp

ReminderPush notificationsThe notification that we receive when the app is not open.
BadgesUsers are motivated to read the messages to remove the budges. Badges are shown on WhatsApp icon and chat, status, and call tabs when they have messages or miscalls, for example,
(i) Badge WhatsApp icon with red dot or number
(ii) Badge chat tab with dots or numbers
(iii) Badge status tab with dots or numbers
(iv) Badge call tab with dots or numbers
Vibrations/buzzingA vibrating alert notification notifying the user of an incoming message.
Flashlight blinkingBlink or pulse to inform and notify the user of new missed calls and/or incoming SMS messages without turning on the screen at all.
Conversation tonesPlay sounds for incoming and outgoing messages (the sounds played when you send and receive a message).
TroubleshootingA systematic approach to problem-solving that is often used to find and correct issues with WhatsApp.
For example, if someone’s message is not yet received because their phone needs to come online, WhatsApp will send a message “Waiting for this message. This may take a while.”

Social RoleLast seenThe last time the contact used WhatsApp
Read receiptTwo blue check marks appear when all participants in the group have read your message.
For example, last seen today at 5:12 PM.
It displays when the message or chat is viewed by the recipient (two blue ticks).
Status notificationsIt has a prompting feature to keep the user coming back to the app
Everyone in the user’s network would be notified when a user’s status changed (“I woke up late” or “I’m on my way).
Enter/exist notifications in groupNotifying in the chat that somebody has entered/exited the group
Disappearing messages notifications (message+clock icon)When enabled, the following message will appear in the chat box: “Disappearing messages have been turned on. All new messages will disappear from this chat 24 hours after they are sent.
Clock icon will appear next to the contact or group’s picture to notify that messages will disappear 24 hours, 7 days, or 90 days after the time they are sent.

SuggestionsUse mobile WhatsApp suggestionWhen using Desktop WhatsApp and searching for messages, you will get the following message: “Use WhatsApp on your phone to see older messages”
Word suggestionsWord autocorrection and suggestion in WhatsApp keyboards
Image suggestionsDuring the writing process, WhatsApp suggests images of the text.
For example, when we write coffee, a picture of coffee appears; when we write cake, a picture of cake appears; when we write morning, an image of a rising sun appears.

LikingSimple interface and featuresWhatsApp has a simple look that appeals to its users. For example, no username and password, simple sending and receiving text messages, simple sending and playing voice messages, and WhatsApp Web to send and receive messages via computers.