Why Millennials Continue to Use WhatsApp? A Focus on Culture and Computer–Human Dialogue

Table 7

Hypothesis testing (outcome of the structural model).

H	Structural paths	Path coefficient (β)	values	values	Effect size ()	Variance inflation factor (VIF)	Result
Direct effect
H1	PDS ➔ AL	0.526	<0.001	9.579	0.298	1.130	Supported
H2	AL ➔ CI	0.690	<0.001	12.888	0.528	1.509	Supported
Moderating effect
H3a	PDS UA➔ AL	-0.164	0.003	-2.806	0.056	1.993	Supported
H3b	PDS PD➔ AL	0.079	0.092	1.334	0.005	1.162	Not supported
H3c	PDS MAS➔ AL	-0.098	0.049	-1.665	0.01	1.207	Supported
H3d	PDS IND➔ AL	-0.111	0.03	-1.89	0.028	1.745	Supported
H4a	AL UA➔ CI	-0.171	0.002	-2.929	0.093	2.156	Supported
H4b	AL PD➔ CI	0.112	0.028	1.911	0.041	1.698	Supported
H4c	AL MAS➔ CI	-0.148	0.006	-2.53	0.048	1.976	Supported
H4d	AL IND➔ CI	-0.027	0.323	-0.46	0.01	1.824	Not supported

Note: too weak effect; small effect; medium effect; large effect.