Pancreatic Fistula Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Clinical Predictors and Patient Outcomes

Table 1

Parameters utilized to grade post-operative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) (21).

Grade	A	B	C
Clinical condition	Well	Often well	Ill appearing/bad
Specific treatment*	No	Yes/No	Yes
US/CT (if obtained)	Negative	Negative/Positive	Positive
Persistent drainage (after 3 weeks)^†	No	Usually yes	Yes
Reoperation	No	No	Yes
Death related to POPF	No	No	Probably yes
Signs of infection	No	Yes	Yes
Sepsis	No	No	Yes
Readmission	No	Yes/No	Yes

US = Ultrasonography; CT = computed tomography scan.
*Partial (peripheral) or total parenteral nutrition, antibiotics, enteral nutrition, somatostatin analogue, and/or minimally invasive drainage.
^†With or without a drain in situ.