Pancreatic Fistula Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Clinical Predictors and Patient Outcomes

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left" rowspan="2">Variable</td><td align="center">PF</td><td align="center">No. PF </td><td align="center" rowspan="2"><i>P</i>-value</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="center"> (<svg height="11.125" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.400002 11.125" width="44.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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q42 56 97 103.5t96 71.5q46 26 74 26q9 0 16 -2.5t14 -11.5t9.5 -24.5t-1 -44t-13.5 -68.5q-30 -117 -47 -200q-4 -19 -3.5 -25t6.5 -6q21 0 70 48z" id="x1D45B"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.862)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.862)"><path d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5
q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" id="x33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.168,10.862)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
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</svg>)</td><td align="center">(<svg height="11.225" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 52.5625 11.225" width="52.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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q42 56 97 103.5t96 71.5q46 26 74 26q9 0 16 -2.5t14 -11.5t9.5 -24.5t-1 -44t-13.5 -68.5q-30 -117 -47 -200q-4 -19 -3.5 -25t6.5 -6q21 0 70 48z" id="x1D45B"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.963)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.963)"><path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.168,10.963)"><path d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5
t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z" id="x36"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.327,10.963)"><path d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" id="x34"></path></g>
</svg>)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Diameter (mean  ± SD)</td><td align="center">3.2 ± 1.0 cm</td><td align="center">3.1 ± 1.5 cm</td><td align="center"><i>P</i> = NS</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Tumor differentiation</td><td align="center"></td><td align="center"></td><td align="center"><i>P</i> = NS</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><i> </i>Well</td><td align="center">8% (2)</td><td align="center">8% (22)</td><td align="center"></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><i> </i>Moderate</td><td align="center">48% (14)</td><td align="center">39% (102)</td><td align="center"></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><i> </i>Poor</td><td align="center">22% (7)</td><td align="center">31% (82)</td><td align="center"></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><i> </i>None</td><td align="center">22% (7)</td><td align="center">22% (58)</td><td align="center"></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Surgical margin status</td><td align="center"></td><td align="center"></td><td align="center"><i>P</i> = NS</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><i> </i>Negative</td><td align="center">80% (24)</td><td align="center">83% (219)</td><td align="center"></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><i> </i>Positive</td><td align="center">20% (6)</td><td align="center">17% (45)</td><td align="center"></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Lymph node status</td><td align="center"></td><td align="center"></td><td align="center"><i>P</i> = NS</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><i> </i>Negative</td><td align="center">43% (13)</td><td align="center">43% (114)</td><td align="center"></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><i> </i>Positive</td><td align="center">57% (17)</td><td align="center">57% (150)</td><td align="center"></td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="4"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Tumor size and histopathologic characteristics in the 294 patients in this series with periampullary malignancies and their relationship to PF formation.

HPB Surgery

tab4

Table 4

Table 4: Pancreatic Fistula Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Clinical Predictors and Patient Outcomes 