Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Liver Surgery and Transplantation: Pathophysiology

Figure 2

Cellular interaction involved in IR injury, resulting in cellular swelling, apoptosis, and necrosis. ATP: adenosine triphosphate; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1; KC: Kupffer cell; IL-1, interleukin-1; NKT: natural killer T cell; NO: nitric oxide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SEC: sinusoidal endothelial cells; T cell: CD4+ T lymphocyte; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; VCAM-1: vascular adhesion molecule-1.