The Interaction between Diabetes, Body Mass Index, Hepatic Steatosis, and Risk of Liver Resection: Insulin Dependent Diabetes Is the Greatest Risk for Major Complications
Table 1
Analysis of factors associated with hepatic steatosis (≥33%) in 439 patients undergoing liver resection.
Steatosis < 33%
Steatosis ≥ 33%
Univariate
Multivariate
Median (range)
Count (%)
Median (range)
Count (%)
value
Comparison
Odds ratio (95% CI)
value
Age
65 (21–90)
65 (41–87)
0.622
Gender
Female
168 (44.4)
24 (39.3)
0.544
Male
210 (55.6)
37 (60.7)
Liver-directed chemotherapy
Yes
132 (34.9)
20 (32.8)
1.000
No
246 (65.1)
41 (67.2)
Preexisting chronic liver disease
Yes
6 (1.6)
3 (4.9)
0.228*
0.869
No
372 (98.4)
58 (95.1)
Preoperative jaundice (≥50 micromoles/L)
Yes
5 (1.3)
0
0.800
No
373 (98.7)
61 (100)
Hypoalbuminaemia (<35 g/L)
Yes
15 (4.0)
1 (1.6)
0.602
No
360 (95.2)
59 (96.7)
Not recorded
3 (0.8)
1 (1.6)
Raised preoperative alkaline phosphatase
Yes
92 (24.3)
5 (8.2)
0.008*
0.15 (0.05–0.46)
0.001**
No
283 (74.9)
55 (90.2)
Not recorded
3 (0.8)
1 (1.6)
Raised preoperative transaminase
Yes
61 (16.1)
18 (29.5)
0.021*
3.82 (1.85–7.89)
<0.001**
No
308 (81.5)
42 (68.9)
Not recorded
9 (2.4)
1 (1.6)
Diabetic status
Nondiabetic
342 (90.5)
45 (73.8)
0.001*
Diabetic versus nondiabetic
2.69
(1.18–6.13)
0.018**
Non-insulin dependent
26 (6.9)
11 (18.0)
Insulin dependent
10 (2.6)
5 (8.2)
Insulin dependent versus non-insulin dependent
4.31 (1.09–16.98)
0.037**
Body mass index (kg/m2)
<25
141 (37.3)
6 (10)
<0.001*
<25 versus ≥25
2.97 (1.59–5.57)
0.001**
25–29.9
153 (40.5)
27 (45.0)
≥30
81 (21.4)
27 (45.0)
25–29.9 versus ≥30
0.144
Not recorded
3 (0.8)
1 (1.6)
*Significant at the level of 0.25 for univariate analysis and included in multivariate analysis.
**Significant at the level of 0.05 for multivariate analysis.
