The Interaction between Diabetes, Body Mass Index, Hepatic Steatosis, and Risk of Liver Resection: Insulin Dependent Diabetes Is the Greatest Risk for Major Complications

Table 3

Postoperative complications, 90-day mortality, and diabetic status in 504 patients undergoing liver resection (patients may have had more than one complication).

	All patients	Nondiabetic	Non-insulin dependent diabetes	Insulin dependent diabetes	value Nondiabetic versus non-insulin dependent diabetic	value Nondiabetic versus insulin dependent diabetic
	Count (%)	Count (%)	Count (%)	Count (%)
Any major complication	94 (18.7)	78 (17.4)	9 (21.9)	7 (46.6)	0.521	0.010
90-day mortality (Grade V)
Liver failure	9 (1.8)	5 (1.1)	3	1	0.023*	0.180
Sepsis	4 (0.8)	3 (0.7)	1	0	0.296	1.000
Malignancy	4 (0.8)	3 (0.7)	0	1	1.000	0.124
Pulmonary embolus	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Anastomotic leak	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Peptic ulcer	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Strangulated hernia	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Peritonitis	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Heart failure	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Total	23 (4.6)	17 (3.8)	4	2	0.089	0.122
Grade IV complications
Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF)	34 (6.7)	30 (6.7)	4	0	0.515	0.613
Renal dysfunction	31 (6.2)	24 (5.4)	4	3	0.280	0.050
Respiratory failure requiring intensive care	2 (0.4)	2 (0.4)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Total	67 (13.3)	56 (12.5)	8	3	0.224	0.421
Grade III complications
Bile leak
Drain	12 (2.4)	11 (2.5)	0	1	0.611	0.330
ERCP	11 (2.2)	10 (2.2)	1	0	1.000	1.000
Relaparotomy/relaparoscopy
Washout	3 (0.6)	1 (0.2)	1	1	0.161	0.064
Adhesiolysis	2 (0.4)	2 (0.4)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Defunction for anastomotic leak	1 (0.2)	0	1	0	0.084	1.000
Small bowel leak	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Drainage
Liver abscess	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Pleural effusion	1 (0.2)	0	0	1	1.000	0.032
Pneumothorax	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Subphrenic collection	2 (0.4)	2 (0.4)	0	0	1.000	1.000
Total	35 (6.9)	29 (6.5)	3	3	0.743	0.077