The Changing Spectrum of Surgically Treated Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas

Figure 3

Results of preoperative biopsies and the algorithm for deciding when to operate. ^∗The four patients resected who did not meet standard biopsy criteria were for (1) main duct IPMN; (2) elevated serum CA19-9; (3) two separate pancreatic tumors in a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease (one serous and one pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor); and (4) patient symptoms. IPMN: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms; CA: cancer antigen; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen.