Activity Budgets of Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in Closed Environments: The Mukuvisi Woodland Experience, Zimbabwe

Table 1

Ethogram for Aepyceros melampus activity states used in the study.

Activity	Operational definition
Foraging	Actively ingesting food or drink, or processing (chewing) food items during a grazing bout and or food searching with head below the vertebral column
Vigilant	Individuals scanning their surroundings and exhibiting agonistic displays
Resting	Standing or sleeping in the sun or shade, neither ruminating nor scanning its environment
Grooming	Scratching, stroking, massaging self or others
Ruminating	Chewing cud while standing, lying, or in locomotion
Moving	Locomotion between foraging source or within study area
Excretion	Defecating or urinating
Flight	Animal running away galloping out of observer sight
Others	Social interaction (necking), nursing, and mating