Vegetation Structure and Composition across Different Land Uses in a Semiarid Savanna of Southern Zimbabwe

Table 1

Vegetation attributes for sample plots across different land use areas (mean ± standard error) and significant levels from one-way ANOVA with unequal sample size tests.

Variable	Land use category			𝐹2,57	𝑃 value
	GNP	CRA	CCA
Tree density ha^−1	842.78 ± 110.11^a	416.67 ± 93.59^b	407.78 ± 185.25^b	5.41	0.007
Shrub density ha^−1	240.00 ± 56.73^a	80.00 ± 17.68^a	111.11 ± 48.87^a	2.71	0.075
Sapling density ha^−1	694.44 ± 152.25^a	204.44 ± 54.44^b	147.78 ± 61.18^b	5.36	0.007
Dead tree density ha^−1	27.77 ± 7.84^a	28.88 ± 11.21^a	42.22 ± 17.66^a	0.44	0.647
Tree height (m)	4.56 ± 0.16^a	5.63 ± 0.38^b	7.42 ± 0.87^a	11.13	0.000
Shrub height (m)	1.44 ± 0.15^a	1.51 ± 0.22^a	1.08 ± 0.25^a	1.11	0.335
Woody species diversity (𝐻^′)	1.78 ± 0.16^a	1.54 ± 0.26^b	2.66 ± 0.24^a	6.37	0.003
Grass species richness per plot	11.27 ± 0.88^a	6.80 ± 0.85^b	7.47 ± 0.8^b	7.68	0.001

GNP represents Gonarezhou National Park, CRA represents Chizvirizvi Resettlement Area, and CCA represents Chibwedziva Communal Area. Significant values are indicted in bold; values with different superscript letters within rows differ significantly (Tukey’s HSD; 𝑃<0.05).