Effect of Anthropogenic Activities on Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Symplocos racemosa Roxb. from Western Ghats, India

Table 4

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of S. racemosa populations.

Source of variation	d.f.	SS	Variance components	Percentage variation
(a) AMOVA with all the populations taken together
cpDNA
Among populations	6	106.508	1.367	74.32	𝐹𝑆𝑇=0.743
Within populations	84	39.668	0.472	25.68
mtDNA
Among populations	6	68.802	0.877	69.26	𝐹𝑆𝑇=0.693
Within populations	84	32.670	0.389	30.74
(b) AMOVA with populations divided into three ecological groups (protected, semiprotected, and disturbed)
cpDNA
Among groups	2	10.362	0.08294	21.05	𝐹𝑆𝑇=0.668
Among populations within groups	4	9.064	0.18021	45.74
Within populations	84	10.992	0.13085	33.21
mtDNA
Among groups	2	12.330	0.10485	27.26	𝐹𝑆𝑇=0.811
Among populations within groups	4	10.115	0.20731	53.89
Within populations	84	6.093	0.07254	18.86