Distributions and Community Composition of Birds in Iraq’s Central Marsh

Table 7

The status of birds in the Central Marshes, southern Iraq. Survey from Oct, 2013–Jun, 2014; key: IUCN Red List category (ver. 3.1.); status in Iraq (Salim et al. 2012); months recorded; highest count; status in the CM based on the study survey; breeding status in CM with BTO breeding code.

Number	Family	English name	Scientific name	IUCN Red List category	Status in Iraq; (Salim et al. 2012)	Status in the CM; based on the survey by Nadheer Fazaa	Month of observation	Highest count	Breeding status in CM; with BTO breeding code
(1)	Phasianidae	Black Francolin	Francolinus francolinus	Least concern	Breeding resident, mainly in the north and northeast and along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	Resident	Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb, Apr, May, Jun	Almost same number,; 2–6	H
(2)	Anatidae	Greylag Goose	Anser anser	Least concern	Local breeding resident in small numbers in the southern marshes; widespread winter visitor to wetlands and agricultural land	Winter visitor	Oct, Dec, Jan	Dec, 77	Not seen in the breeding season
(3)		Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor, some remain in summer	Winter visitor	Dec, Jan, Mar	Jan, 55	Not seen in the breeding season
(4)		Northern Shoveler	Spatula clypeata	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor, especially frequent in southern marshes, some remain in Summer	Winter visitor	Dec	Dec, 46	Not seen in the breeding season
(5)		Northern Pintail	Anas acuta	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor, especially frequent in southern marshes	Winter visitor	Dec, Jan, Feb	Dec, 400	Not seen in the breeding season
(6)		Garganey	Spatula querquedula	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant, rare in winter, may breed	Passage migrant	Apr	Apr, 8	M, H
(7)		Eurasian Teal	Anas crecca	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor, especially frequent in southern marshes	Winter visitor	Dec, Jan, Feb, Mar	Jan, 168	Not seen in the breeding season
(8)		Marbled Duck	Marmaronetta angustirostris	Vulnerable	Local breeding resident in wetlands in central Iraq, more widespread in southern marshes, where wintering population is probably largest in the world	Winter visitor and possible breeds	Dec, Jan, Feb, Apr	Dec, 35	H
(9)		Ferruginous Duck	Aythya nyroca	Near threatened	Local breeding resident in Southern and Central Iraq; uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor	Winter visitor	Nov, Dec, Feb	Dec, 21	Not seen in the breeding season
(10)	Podicipitidae	Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident in the southern Marshes and Central wetlands; widespread winter visitor. Resident birds are of the endemic race iraquensis	Resident	Oct to Jun; Jan, Feb, Jun	Jan, 95	H, FL juveniles were seen, especially for endemic iraquensis
(11)		Great Crested Grebe	Podiceps cristatus	Least concern	Very local breeding resident in marshes and lakes of Southern Iraq; widespread winter visitor	Winter visitor	Jan	Jan, 5	Not seen in the breeding season
(12)	Ciconiidae	White Stork	Ciconia ciconia	Least concern	Breeding summer visitor to northern and eastern Iraq; passage migrant, occasional in winter	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Dec, Jan, Feb	Dec, 380	Nonbreeding; (not seen in the breeding season )
(13)	Threskiornithidae	African Sacred Ibis	Threskiornis aethiopicus	Least concern	Very local breeding resident in dense reedbeds in the southern marshes. The southern marshes hold the only regular breeding colony in the Middle East, though there is feral colony in the United Arab Emirates	Winter visitor	Jan	Jan, 2	Not seen in the breeding season
(14)		Glossy Ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	Least concern	Resident, breeding very locally in dense reed vegetation in the southern marshes; also a passage migrant and winter visitor	Winter visitor	Dec, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr	Mar, 230	Nonbreeding; (not seen in the breeding season)
(15)	Ardeidae	Eurasian Bittern	Botaurus stellaris	Least concern	Passage migrant and winter visitor to the southern and central marshes, also occasionally in north Iraq; may breed in southern marshes	Resident	Nov, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Jun	Same number of individuals in each month,; 2	U, H
(16)		Little Bittern	Ixobrychus minutus	Least concern	Breeding, summer visitor to many wetlands throughout Iraq, but rather local outside the southern marshes; also passage migrant, with a few wintering	Breeding and summer visitor	Apr, May, Jun	May, 203	NE, NY, FF, ON, FL, UN
(17)		Black-Crowned Night Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax	Least concern	Breeding summer visitor or resident in southern and central wetlands; local breeding summer visitor in north; passage migrant and winter visitor	Resident	Dec, Jan, Mar, Apr, May, Jun	Jun, 56	U, H
(18)		Squacco Heron	Ardeola ralloides	Least concern	Breeding, summer visitor to southern marshes, more local in central and north Iraq; widespread passage migrant, occasional in winter	Resident	Oct to Jun	Mar, 970	FL
(19)		Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	Least concern	Local breeding resident in central and southern wetlands, widespread passage migrant, occasional in winter	Winter visitor	Oct, Nov, Jan, Feb	Oct and Nov, 83	Nonbreeding; (not seen in breeding season)
(20)		Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor to southern marshes	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct to Apr	Feb, 51	M
(21)		Purple Heron	Ardea purpurea	Least concern	Breeding, summer visitor to southern marshes and probable breeder, very locally, in central and northern wetlands; passage migrant, a few in winter	Resident	Oct to Jun	Apr, 33	H, U
(22)		Great White Egret	Ardea alba	Least concern	Passage migrant and winter visitor, most common in southern marshes, where some remain in summer	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Fab and Mar	Fab and Mar,; 10–12	Non breeding; (not seen in breeding season)
(23)		Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	Least concern	Resident or breeding summer visitor to the dense reedbeds of the southern marshes, also to one site in northern Iraq; widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Resident	Oct to Jun	Dec and Jan,; 1046	U, H
(24)	Pelecanidae	Great White Pelican	Pelecanus onocrotalus	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant also winter visitor to southern and central wetlands	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Dec, Jan, Feb	Dec and Jan,; 500–533	Not seen in the breeding season
(25)	Phalacrocoracidae	Pygmy Cormorant	Microcarbo pygmaeus	Least concern	Breeding resident in dense reed vegetation in southern marshes; fairly widespread winter visitor	Resident	Apr, May, Jun	May and June,; 21–23	U, H
(26)		Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Winter visitor	Oct, Nov, Jan	Jan, 5	Not seen in the breeding season
(27)	Accipitridae	Black-Winged Kite	Elanus caeruleus	Least concern	Uncommon and local breeding resident in central and south Iraq; number increasing and recently recorded in northern Iraq. Breeds near cultivated fields nesting especially in Eucalyptus and date palm	Passage	Jan	Jan, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(28)		White-Tailed Sea Eagle	Haliaeetus albicilla	Least concern	Former winter visitor in small numbers, not recorded since 1940s	Passage migrant	Dec	Dec, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(29)	Accipitridae	Cinereous Vulture	Aegypius monachus	Near threatened	Rare winter visitor to southern and central Iraq with one in summer in northeast	Passage migrant	Dec	Dec, 2	Not seen in the breeding season
(30)	Accipitridae	Short-Toed Snake-Eagle	Circaetus gallicus	Least concern	Breeding summer visitor to the mountains of north Iraq; also a passage migrant	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Feb	Feb, 2	Not seen in the breeding season
(31)		Western Marsh Harrier	Circus aeruginosus	Least concern	Local breeding resident in southern marshes and possibly central wetlands; also a passage migrant and winter visitor	Resident	Oct to May; Dec and Jan	Dec, 28	M
(32)		Pallid Harrier	Circus macrourus	Near threatened	Passage migrant and winter visitor, fairly widespread	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Nov, Jan, Mar	Same number, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(33)		Montagu’s Harrier	Circus pygargus	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant; some in winter	Passage migrant	Feb	Feb, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(34)		Eurasian Sparrowhawk	Accipiter nisus	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Nov, Feb, Mar	Feb, 2	Not seen in the breeding season
(35)		Long-Legged Buzzard	Buteo rufinus	Least concern	Breeding resident in the mountains and hills of northern Iraq; widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Jan	Jan, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(36)		Greater; Spotted Eagle	Clanga clanga	Vulnerable	Rather uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor, widespread but most frequent in the southern marshes	Passage migrant	Jan, Mar, Apr	Mar, 2	M
(37)		Steppe Eagle	Aquila nipalensis	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct, Nov, Mar	Mar, 2	Not seen in the breeding season
(38)	Falconidae	Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident; also winter visitor	Passage migrant	Dec	Dec, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(39)		Eurasian Hobby	Falco subbuteo	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant; there is no evidence of breeding, though this is likely as birds have been observed during the Summer in northern Iraq, and the species breeds fairly commonly in southeast Turkey	Passage migrant	Nov	Nov, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(40)	Rallidae	Water Rail	Rallus aquaticus	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct	Oct, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(41)		Little Crake	Zapornia parva	Least concern	Passage migrant and winter visitor, one breeding record from central Iraq	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Nov and Apr; One individual recorded in each month	Nov and Apr; One individual recorded in each month	M
(42)		Spotted Crake	Porzana porzana	Least concern	Passage migrant, but rarely observed	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Nov	Nov, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(43)		Purple Swamphen	Porphyrio porphyrio	Least concern	Breeding resident in dense reedbeds and dense aquatic vegetation along rivers in southern and central Iraq, very locally in wetlands in the north	Resident	Nov, Jan, Mar, Apr, Jun	Apr, 18	H, UN
(44)		Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident in wetlands in southern and central Iraq, locally in north; also a passage migrant and winter visitor	Resident	Oct to Jun; Jan	Jan, 22	H
(45)		Common Coot	Fulica atra	Least concern	Breeding resident in very small numbers mainly in the south; widespread passage migrant and winter visitor, especially in the southern marshes	Winter visitor	Nov to Mar; Jan and Feb	Jan, 245	Not seen in the breeding season
(46)	Recurvirostridae	Black-Winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident in southern, central, western wetlands, passage migrant, winter visitor	Resident	Oct to Jun,; Jan	Jan, 236	U, H
(47)	Charadriidae	Spur-Winged Lapwing	Vanellus spinosus	Least concern	Breeding resident in central and southern Iraq; passage migrant	Summer visitor and possible breeding	Oct, Mar, Apr, May, Jun	Apr, 19	H, S, T, U
(48)		Red-Wattled Lapwing	Vanellus indicus	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident in south, central, western, northeast Iraq in wetlands and farmlands; may breed in north while present in Summer	Resident	Oct to Jun; Oct	Oct, 12	NY, NE, FF, ON, FL, UN
(49)		White-Tailed Lapwing	Vanellus leucurus	Least concern	Local breeding resident in the wetlands of southern, central and western Iraq; more widespread passage migrant, including northern Iraq, also found in summer and may breed	Resident	Oct to Jun; Jan and Feb	Jan, 154	NY, NE, FF, ON, FL, UN
(50)		Common Ringed Plover	Charadrius hiaticula	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage and winter visitor	Oct, Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb	Jan, 10	Nonbreeding
(51)		Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius	Least concern	Widespread breeding summer visitor mostly to northern and central Iraq, may breed in the south, passage migrant, with some remaining in winter	Passage migrant	Nov,; Apr, May, Jun	Almost same number in each month,; 2-3	U
(52)		Kentish Plover	Charadrius alexandrinus	Least concern	Breeding resident in central and southern Iraq; passage migrant and winter visitor	Resident, but not seen in Mar, Apr, May	Oct, Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb, Jun	Dec, 43	H
(53)	Scolopacidae	Common Snipe	Gallinago gallinago	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct, Jan, Mar, Apr	Apr, 21	M
(54)		Common Redshank	Tringa totanus	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant and winter visitor, some remain in summer	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Feb, Mar, Apr	Mar, 11	M
(55)		Marsh Sandpiper	Tringa stagnatilis	Least concern	Passage migrant and winter visitor mainly in south and east	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Nov, Jan, Feb, Mar	Mar, 28	M
(56)		Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct and Apr	Almost same number,; 1-2	M
(57)		Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct, Nov, Jan, Feb, Mar	Feb, 4	Non breeding (not seen in the breeding season)
(58)		Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola	Least concern	Passage migrant and winter visitor in small numbers mainly to the south	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Feb	Feb, 1	Not seen in breeding season
(59)		Terek Sandpiper	Xenus cinereus	Least concern	Passage migrant and winter visitor mainly in southern Iraq	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct and Feb	Oct, 3	Not seen in the breeding season
(60)		Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor, a few remaining in summer, may breed in the mountains of northern Iraq	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct to May	Almost same numbers,; 6–8	U
(61)		Sanderling	Calidris alba	Least concern	Passage migrant mainly in the southern tidal areas, some remaining in winter	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Jan	Jan, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(62)		Little Stint	Calidris minuta	Least concern	Passage migrant and winter visitor to southern and central Iraq	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Nov, Jan, Feb, Apr, May	Jan and Apr,; 5-6	M
(63)		Curlew Sandpiper	Calidris ferruginea	Least concern	Passage migrant and winter visitor mainly to central and southern Iraq	Passage migrant	Apr and May	April, 5	M
(64)		Ruff	Calidris pugnax	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Mar, Apr, May	Apr, 85	M
(65)	Glareolidae	Collared Pratincole	Glareola pratincola	Least concern	Widespread breeding summer visitor to dry grassland areas near wetlands; passage migrant	Summering site and possible breeding site	Apr, May, Jun	Apr, 15	U, H, S
(66)	Laridae	Slender-Billed Gull	Larus genei	Least concern	Breeding resident in central and southern Iraq; breeding resident or summer visitor to the north; passage migrant and winter visitor	Resident	Oct to Jun	Feb, 891	M, H
(67)		Black-Headed; Gull	Larus ridibundus	Least concern	Local breeding resident or summer visitor in northern Iraq; widespread winter visitor	Winter visitor	Nov to May	Feb, 685	M
(68)		Armenian Gull	Larus armenicus	Least concern	Wide spread winter visitor and passage migrant	Winter visitor	Nov to Apr	Mar, 21	M
(69)		Gull-Billed Tern	Gelochelidon nilotica	Least concern	Local breeding summer visitor in the extreme south; passage migrant, a few in winter	Passage migrant	Oct, Nov, May	Almost same number,; 9-10	U
(70)		Little Tern	Sternula albifrons	Least concern	Fairly widespread breeding summer visitor and passage migrant	Summer visitor	Oct, Nov, Apr, May Jun	Apr, 20	U, H
(71)		Common Tern	Sterna hirundo	Least concern	Local breeding summer visitor to inland wetlands; passage migrant with a few remaining in winter	Summering site and possible breeding site	Nov, Mar, Apr, May, Jun	Mar, 53	H, M
(72)		Whiskered Tern	Chlidonias hybrida	Least concern	Resident and breeding summer visitor to wetlands in Southern Iraq; fairly widespread passage migrant; winter visitor, but not in the north	Resident and breeding	Oct to Jun	Jan, 741	NY, NE, FF, ON, FL, UN; Colonising and large number of nesting
(73)		White-Winged Tern	Chlidonias leucopterus	Least concern	Local breeding summer visitor to wetlands in southern Iraq, fairly widespread passage migrant	Summer visitor	May	May, 21	U, H
(74)	Pteroclidae	Pin-Tailed Sandgrouse	Pterocles alchata	Least concern	Widespread but local breeding resident in dry grasslands	Passage	Mar and Apr	Same number,; 16–23	F
(75)	Columbidae	European Turtle-Dove	Streptopelia turtur	Least concern	Local breeding summer visitor to woodlands, orchards, date palms; winter visitor	Summer visitor and possible breeds	May	May, 5	H
(76)		Eurasian Collared Dove	Streptopelia decaocto	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident	Resident and breeds	Oct to Jun	Almost same number,; 20–36	NY, NE, FF, ON, UN
(77)		Laughing Dove	Spilopelia senegalensis	Least concern	Fairly widespread breeding resident. Until at least 1969s it was a rare winter visitor	Resident and possible breeds	Nov to may	Jan, 13	H
(78)	Tytonidae	Common Barn-Owl	Tyto alba	Least concern	Local, but fairly widespread breeding resident	Passage	Jan	Jan, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(79)	Caprimulgidae	Egyptian Nightjar	Caprimulgus aegyptius	Least concern	Breeding summer visitor to semideserts and arid areas of southern and central Iraq, and possibly northeast; passage migrant in south and central Iraq	Passage migrant	May	May, 1	H; (this bird is on its breeding territory)
(80)	Halcyonidae	White-Breasted Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis	Least concern	Breeding resident on rivers and in wetlands of southern, central, northeast Iraq, very local elsewhere	Resident	Oct to Jun	Jan and Feb,; 30–38	H, S
(81)	Alcedinidae	Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis	Least concern	Uncommon breeding resident in the southern and central Iraq; possibly in the northern Iraq.; Winter visitor and passage migrant	Resident	Oct to Jun	Dec, 29	H, U
(82)	Cerylidae	Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle rudis	Least concern	Widespread; breeding resident in wetland and water courses	Resident	Oct to Jun; (Dec and Jan)	Dec and Jan,; 500–542	UN, ON, FF, NY
(83)	Meropidae	Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eater	Merops persicus	Least concern	Breeding, summer visitor to northern and eastern Iraq, widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	Oct, Nov, Apr	Apr, 28	M
(84)		European Bee-Eater	Merops apiaster	Least concern	Breeding summer visitor to northern and eastern Iraq; widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	Apr	Apr, 8	M
(85)	Alaudidae	Eurasian Hoopoe	Alaemon alaudipes	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident in the western, central, southern deserts	Passage migrant	Mar	Mar, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(86)	Laniidae	Red-Backed Shrike	Lanius collurio	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	Oct and May	May, 52	M
(87)		Isabelline Shrike	Lanius isabellinus	Least concern	Passage migrant and winter visitor, more frequent in south and central Iraq	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct to Mar	Jan, 25	Not seen in the breeding season
(88)		Turkestan Isabelline Shrike	Lanius phoenicuroides	—	Uncommon passage migrant	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct, Jan, Feb, Apr	Almost same number,; 1-2	M
(89)		Lesser Grey Shrike	Lanius minor	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	May	May, 31	M
(90)	Oriolidae	Eurasian Golden Oriole	Oriolus oriolus	Least concern	Breeding summer visitor to woodlands of northern Iraq; widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	May	May, 1	M
(91)	Corvidae	Hooded Crow	Corvus cornix	—	Uncommon breeding resident in northern Iraq	Winter visitor	Dec, Feb, Mar	Feb, 5	Not seen in the breeding season
(92)		Mesopotamian Crow	Corvus capellanus	—	Breeding resident of the plains and date orchards of southern and central Iraq; also found in stable and floating reedbeds of the southern marshes	Winter visitor	Dec and Mar	Almost same number,; 1-2	Not seen in the breeding season
(93)	Alaudidae	Crested Lark	Galerida cristata	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident	Resident	Oct to Jun	Oct, 32	T, H, A
(94)	Pycnonotidae	White-Eared Bulbul	Pycnonotus leucotis	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident in woodland groves, especially palm, in central, western, southern, northeast Iraq; appears; to be spreading north as now found in northern areas while absent in 1940s	Resident	Nov to Feb	Almost same number,; 2–4	Not seen in the breeding season
(95)	Hirundinidae	Sand Martin	Riparia riparia	Least concern	Breeding summer visitor, mainly along major river courses; passage migrant	Summer visitor and possible breeds	Mar to Jun	Apr, 54	H, U
(96)		Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	Least concern	Fairly widespread breeding summer visitor; widespread passage migrant; very few in winter in southern Iraq	Passage migrant and breeding summer visitor	Feb to Jun	Apr and May,; 35–38	ON, B, T, H
(97)	Sylviidae	Willow Warbler	Phylloscopus trochilus	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	Apr	Apr, 1	M
(98)	Phylloscopidae	Common Chiffchaff	Phylloscopus collybita	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Nov to Apr	Jan, 48	Not seen in the breeding season
(99)	Acrocephalidae	Basra Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus griseldis	Endangered	Breeding summer visitor to the extensive reedbeds of the Southern Marshes and recently discovered further north in the marshes of central Iraq and at one site in Western Iraq. Endemic species.	Summer visitor and breeds	Apr, May, Jun	Jun, 66	NY, NE, FF, ON, UN
(100)		Great Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus arundinaceus	Least concern	Rather local breeding summer visitor to wetlands and water course with reedbeds throughout Iraq; also a widespread passage migrant; birds recorded in the southern marshes in early February may be overwintering or early migrants	Passage migrant and breeding summer visitor	Oct, Nov, Apr, May, Jun	May, 57	NE, ON, UN
(101)	Sylviidae	Sedge Warbler	Acrocephalus schoenobaenus	Least concern	Passage migrant; found at one riverine site in breeding season in northern Iraq	Passage migrant	Nov, Apr, May	Almost same number,; 1-2	M
(102)		Eurasian Reed-Warbler	Acrocephalus scirpaceus	Least concern	Passage migrant with one proven record of breeding in the southern marshes. The status of this species has been complicated by the earlier confusion with Basra Reed Warbler. Many early references to Reed Warbler probably referred to Basra Reed Warbler	Passage migrant	Feb and May	Feb and May,; 1-2	M, H
(103)	Cisticolidae	Graceful Prinia	Prinia gracilis	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident in central and southern Iraq, very local in north and northeast Iraq	Resident and breeds	Oct to Jun	May, 104	ON, UN, P,T, B
(104)	Leiothrichidae	Iraq Babbler	Turdoides altirostris	Least concern	Breeding resident in reedbeds, mainly along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, and extending its range northwards along the later. Endemic, thought now recorded along the Euphrates in Syria and South Turkey	Resident and breeds	Oct to Jun	Apr, 58	ON, B, H
(105)		Afghan (Common) Babbler	Turdoides caudata	Least concern	Breeding resident in southern, western, central Iraq, mainly in arid areas with scrub	Resident	Jan, Feb, Mar, May	Almost same numbers,; 16–18	U, H
(106)	Sturnidae	Common Starling	Sturnus vulgaris	Least concern	Very local breeding resident in open woodland in the north of Iraq, widespread winter visitor	Winter visitor	Nov to Mar	Feb, 549	Not seen in the breeding season
(107)	Turdidae	Song Thrush	Turdus philomelos	Least concern	Irregular winter visitor	Winter visitor	Jan	Jan, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(108)		European Robin	Erithacus rubecula	Least concern	Fairly widespread winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Nov, Dec, Jan	Dec, 5	Not seen in the breeding season
(109)	Muscicapidae	Bluethroat	Luscinia svecica	Least concern	Fairly wide spread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Nov to Feb	Same number,; 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(110)	Muscicapidae	Rufous-Tailed Scrub-Robin	Erythropygia galactotes	Least concern	Fairly widespread breeding summer visitor, but absent from western Iraq; passage migrant	Passage migrant	Nov	Nov, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(111)		Common Redstart	Phoenicurus phoenicurus	Least concern	Local breeding summer visitor to woodlands in north Iraq with both Phoenicurusand samamisicus; recorded; otherwise a widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	Apr	Apr, 1	M
(112)		Whinchat	Saxicola rubetra	Least concern	Passage migrant, references to past winter records have not been confirmed in recent surveys	Passage migrant	Nov and May	Same number,; 4-5	M
(113)		Common Stonechat	Saxicola torquatus	Least concern	Fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Dec and Jan	Same number,; 3	Not seen in the breeding season
(114)	Muscicapidae	Northern Wheatear	Oenanthe oenanthe	Least concern	Very local breeding summer visitor to mountain slopes and foothills in northeast; widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	Mar and Apr	Same number,; 6–8	M
(115)	Passeridae	Black-Eared Wheatear	Oenanthe hispanica	Least concern	Breeding summer visitor to northern hilly country; widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	Apr	Apr, 1	M
(116)		House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Least concern	Widespread breeding resident	Resident	Oct to Jun	Oct, 221	NY, NE, FF, ON, UN
(117)		Spanish Sparrow	Passer hispaniolensis	Least concern	Local breeding resident in north and central Iraq; widespread winter visitor	Winter visitor	Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb	Dec, 30	M
(118)		Dead Sea Sparrow	Passer moabiticus	Least concern	Local breeding resident found especially, along major water course, widespread in winter	Resident	Oct, Nov, Dec, Feb Mar, Apr, May	Nov, 450	U, H, B
(119)	Motacillidae	Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava	Least concern	Widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	Mar, Apr, May	Apr, 86	M
(120)		Citrine Wagtail	Motacilla citreola	Least concern	Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr	Mar and Apr,; 4	M
(121)		White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	Least concern	Local breeding resident in northern Iraq; widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct to Apr; Dec and Jan	Dec, 134	M
(122)		Water Pipit	Anthus spinoletta	Least concern	Probably breeds as found in suitable breeding habitat at mountain site in northeast Iraq in Jun, 2011; fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Passage migrant and winter visitor	Oct to Apr	Nov, 26	M
(123)	Emberizidae	Corn Bunting	Emberiza calandra	Least concern	Breeding resident in northern farmland and open woodland; fairly widespread passage migrant and winter visitor	Winter visitor	Jan	Jan, 1	Not seen in the breeding season
(124)		Ortolan Bunting	Emberiza hortulana	Least concern	Breeding summer visitor to the hills of northern Iraq widespread passage migrant	Passage migrant	Apr	Apr, 1	M
(125)		Reed Bunting	Emberiza schoeniclus	Least concern	Uncommon winter visitor	Winter visitor	Feb	Feb, 1	Not seen in the breeding season