Association between Different Types of Edible Oils and Anthropometric Indices Mood, and Appetite among Women
Table 8
Dietary intake of participants in tertiles of liquid vegetable oil and animal fat.
Tertiles of edible oils
Variable
Tertile of vegetable liquid oil (g/d)
value
Tertile of animal fat (g/d)
value
T1: <6
T2: 6–9
T3: >9
T1: <2.08
T2: 2.08–4.48
T3: >4.48
N = 85
N = 81
N = 79
N = 59
N = 78
N = 108
Energy (kcal/d)
1,853.7 (559.7)
1,950.1 (519.2)
2,331.6 (658.5)
<0.0001
1,956.9 (617.4)
1,936.2 (481.3)
2,159.6 (673.7)
0.024
Carbohydrate (g/d)
260.87 (81.43)
273.68 (77.26)
319.16 (114.59)
<0.0001
284.05 (111.27)
269.01 (77.42)
249.58 (96.73)
0.195
Protein (g/d)
70.59 (22.02)
73.38 (21.51)
86.07 (25.12)
<0.0001
74.32 (22.59)
75.93 (21.45)
78.12 (26)
0.596
Fat (g/d)
62.33 (25.08)
66.38 (21.86)
84.59 (25.40)
<0.0001
62.82 (23.76)
65.43 (18.93)
79.15 (28.93)
0.0001
Fiber (g/d)
15.32 (0.56)
17.37 (6.79)
20.95 (9.95)
<0.0001
18.56 (9.32)
16.09 (5.77)
18.66 (8.28)
0.065
Caffeine (mg/d)
106.79 (77.03)
99.9 (82.11)
127.96 (94.20)
0.094
102.60 (82.84)
111.45 (81.94)
111.04 (88.73)
0.623
Linoleic acid (g/d)
10.09 (5.05)
11.27 (4)
17.50 (6.77)
<0.0001
13.01 (7.83)
11.92 (4.86)
13.48 (6.16)
0.240
α-Linolenic acid (g/d)
0.320 (0.178)
0.370 (0.236)
0.501 (0.297)
<0.0001
0.356 (0.280)
0.372 (0.187)
0.433 (0.271)
0.103
ratio
0.040 (0.012)
0.039 (0.013)
0.035 (0.013)
0.017
0.034 (0.012)
0.039 (0.011)
0.040 (0.014)
0.025
SFA (g/d)
22.42 (9.46)
23.34 (9.10)
26.66 (9.65)
0.010
18.86 (7.05)
22.39 (6.84)
28.10 (10.67)
0.0001
MUFA (g/d)
20.36 (8.64)
21.87 (8.08)
27.47 (8.39)
<0.0001
20.50 (7.67)
21.18 (6.67)
26.03 (10.04)
0.0001
PUFA (g/d)
12.66 (5.60)
14.12 (4.59)
20.59 (7.52)
<0.0001
15.62 (8.63)
14.49 (5.22)
16.47 (6.88)
0.022
Cholesterol (mg/d)
272.47 (130.78)
278.78 (96.23)
330.40 (147.66)
0.007
258.01 (135.19)
285.74 (115.06)
317.90 (130.36)
0.013
Vitamins
Thiamine (mg)
1.67 (0.45)
1.82 (0.51)
2.11 (0.82)
<0.0001
1.79 (0.612)
1.8 (0.580)
1.94 (0.648)
0.212
Riboflavin (mg)
1.99 (0.74)
2.09 (0.73)
2.47 (1.05)
<0.0001
1.99 (0.709)
2.20 (0.816)
2.63 (0.986)
0.166
Niacin (mg)
19.24 (5.93)
21.10 (7.73)
24.61 (10.03)
<0.0001
20.75 (7.52)
20.76 (6.90)
22.64 (9.49)
0.209
Vitamin B6 (mg)
1.52 (0.69)
1.65 (0.72)
2.05 (1.05)
<0.0001
1.73 (0.072)
1.59 (0.682)
1.84 (0.971)
0.143
Vitamin B9 (μg)
294.45 (128.91)
325.48 (123.10)
403.88 (214.09)
<0.0001
331.02 (164.73)
317.59 (138.79)
361.09 (182.15)
0.188
Vitamin B12 (μg)
4.20 (1.92)
4.51 (1.67)
6.62 (6.84)
<0.0001
4.15 (1.91)
5.44 (4.33)
5.34 (5.06)
0.153
Vitamin C (mg)
114.56 (67.98)
128.19 (68.75)
154.07 (93.15)
0.004
138.68 (88.10)
113.48 (56.66)
141.80 (58.06)
0.040
Minerals
Calcium (mg)
893.29 (398.03)
893.37 (325.21)
1.011.61 (385.28)
<0.0001
870.58 (339.68)
973.63 (386.62)
934.27 (381.05)
0.279
Magnesium (mg)
238.60 (77.49)
248.84 (76.07)
300.95 (111.29)
<0.0001
261 (106.53)
250.32 (72.89)
271.18 (97.95)
0.320
Zinc (mg)
8.80 (3.05)
9.26 (3.05)
10.92 (3.51)
<0.0001
9.31 (3.10)
9.59 (2.99)
9.84 (3.66)
0.608
Fe (mg)
13.62 (4.09)
14.57 (4.43)
17.95 (6.41)
<0.0001
15.11 (5.95)
14.50 (4.36)
16.04 (5.64)
0.146
Selenium (mg)
0.07 (0.024)
0.087 (0.022)
0.07 (0.042)
0.003
0.07 (0.038)
0.07 (0.031)
0.08 (0.027)
0.107
Food groups
Grains (g)
351.3 (112.41)
373.38 (101.06)
413.02 (187.26)
0.017
365.47 (154.53)
370.06 (154.85)
391.72 (118.68)
0.416
Fruits (g)
254.03 (194.50)
296.13 (179.97)
330.29 (245.52)
0.065
328.02 (287.27)
247.52 (130.37)
305.67 (201.96)
0.057
Vegetables (g)
262.34 (137.56)
302.27 (162.98)
379.23 (236.26)
<0.0001
323.03 (179.51)
281.11 (166.06)
331.09 (205.74)
0.183
Meat and its products (g)
114.90 (54.43)
120.79 (49.77)
143.76 (62.21)
0.003
119.27 (59.44)
124.64 (50.65)
130.99 (59.48)
0.428
Beans (g)
28.32 (20.82)
32.04 (21.83)
41.30 (42.75)
0.019
35.44 (43.03)
34.07 (29.92)
32.56 (21.12)
0.837
Dairy products (g)
379.33 (288.56)
335.29 (195.25)
386.30 (266.14)
0.384
317.99 (237.19)
411.13 (278.95)
361 (232.58)
0.100
Nuts and seeds (g)
13.78 (11.73)
16.57 (9.84)
19.23 (18.61)
0.043
15.71 (17.59)
14.69 (1.44)
18.82 (14.32)
0.045
Fats (g)
16.79 (13.54)
20.73 (12.83)
32.62 (15.88)
<0.0001
16.62 (12.26)
17.33 (7.73)
31.03 (17.84)
0.0001
SFA = saturated fatty acids, MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acids, and PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acids. The value is reported from covariance analysis, and the results are based on mean ± SD. All of the variables are adjusted for energy intake. P value <0.05 shows a significant level of association.
