Antiphospholipid Antibodies Increase the Risk of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Systematic Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies.

Year	Author	Country	Study design	Study period	Study Size	Age (years)	Types of aPL	NOS score	Risk factors for FGR (number)	Definition of FGR
1997	Faden et al. [17]	Italy	Cohort	1993–1994	510	29.3 ± 3.4 (21–40)	β2GP1	7	NR	Birthweight < 5th percentile
2018	Alijotas-Reig et al. [7]	European	Cohort	2010–2018	1000	35.2 ± 5.9	LA; β2GP1	8	Smoking 152, obesity 86, dyslipidaemia 22, DM 18	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
2012	Lockshin et al. [18]	USA	Cohort	2003–2011	302	32 ± 2.5	ACA; β2GP1; LA	6	Thrombosis 25	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
1993	Julkunen et al. [12]	Finland	Cohort	1987–1991	536	41.5 (23–39)	LA	5	NR	Birthweight ≤ 2SD unit
1997	Granger and Farquharson [19]	Liverpool	Cohort	1992–1994	387	31 ± 1.3	ACA; LA	5	NR	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
1995	Yasuda et al. [6]	Japan	Cohort	1991–1992	860	29.8 ± 4.3	ACA	8	Hyperthyroidism 8	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
2014	Cervera et al. [20]	European	Cohort	1999–2009	188	38 ± 3.7	aPL	5	Hypertension 3	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
1996	Katano et al. [21]	Japan	Cohort	1990–1992	1125	32.5 ± 4.1	ACA	8	NR	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
2017	Saccone et al. [22]	Italy	Cohort	2007–2016	750	28.4 ± 7.7	ACA; β2GP1; LA	8	Smoking 59, DM 29	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
2010	Cohn et al. [23]	UK	Cohort	1986–2006	693	32 ± 5.6	aPL	8	NR	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
2014	Madazli et al. [11]	Turkey	Cohort	2002–2011	65	28.8 ± 4.3	aPL	5	Renal involvement 9	Birthweight < 5th percentile
2007	Cleary-Goldman et al. [24]	USA	Cohort	2005–2007	151	NR	aPL	5	NR	Birthweight < 5th percentile
2016	Shinozaki et al. [25]	Japan	Cohort	2009–2014	38	32 (29–40)	aPL	7	NR	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
2012	Canti et al. [26]	Italy	Cohort	2001–2009	156	34.0 ± 4.5	aPL	6	NR	Birthweight ≤10th percentile
2014	Bouvier et al. [27]	France	Cohort	1970–2010	1313	30 (16–44)	aPL	8	PE 89	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
2014	Gonzalez-Echavarri et al. [28]	Spain	Cohort	2011–2013	150	NR	aPL	6	NR	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
1991	Polzin et al. [29]	USA	Case control	1990–1991	1616	NR	ACA	8	IDA 3, smoking 2	Birthweight ≤10th percentile
1994	De Carolis et al. [30]	Italy	Case control	1986–1992	365	NR	ACA	6	NR	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
2015	Berks et al. [31]	Netherlands	Case control	1985–2010	844	29 (17–43)	aPL	8	Eclampsia 28	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
1995	Schei et al. [32]	Norway	Case control	NR	414	25 (17–43)	ACA	8	Smoking 3	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
1999	Matthiesen et al. [33]	Sweden	Case control	1991–1992	213	28 (19–34)	ACA	5	NR	birthweight ≤ 10th percentile
2001	Alfirevic et al. [34]	UK	Case control	1997–1998	69	29 (15–42)	ACA; LA	6	Smoking 7	Birthweight ≤ 10th percentile