| | Characteristics | Anemia (n = 149) | No anemia (n = 66) | value |
| | Age, mean (SD), y | 89.12 (4.9) | 87.86 (4.3) | 0.070 | | Male, no. (%) | 127 (85.2) | 39 (59.1) | <0.001 | | Smoking, no. (%) | 5 (3.4) | 7 (10.6) | 0.070 |
| | Comorbidity, no. (%) | | | | | Hypertension | 111 (74.5) | 53 (80.3) | 0.36 | | Ischemic heart disease | 83 (55.7) | 29 (43.9) | 0.11 | | Chronic heart failure (NYHA) | | | | | Class I-II, no. (%) | 113 (75.8) | 52 (78.8) | 0.64 | | Diabetes mellitus | 69 (46.3) | 31 (47) | 0.93 | | Chronic kidney disease | | | | | ≥3 stage | 53 (35.6) | 23 (34.8) | 0.92 | | Liver injury | 17 (11.4) | 6 (9.1) | 0.61 | | History of cancer | 24 (16.1) | 8 (12.1) | 0.45 | | Dementia | 52 (34.9) | 10 (15.2) | 0.003 |
| | Medicine, no. (%) | | | | | Erythropoietin | 25 (16.8) | 1 (1.5) | 0.002 | | Oral iron | 34 (22.8) | 2 (3.0) | <0.001 | | Folic acid | 26 (17.4) | 1 (1.5) | 0.001 | | Vitamin B12 | 30 (20.1) | 6 (9.1) | 0.045 | | Oral glucocorticoid | 11 (7.4) | 5 (7.6) | 1.00 | | Inhaled glucocorticoid | 11 (7.4) | 6 (9.1) | 0.67 | | Statin | 80 (53.7) | 39 (59.1) | 0.46 | | Oral amino acid | 19 (13.0) | 4 (6.3) | 0.14 |
| | Laboratory test, mean (SD) | | | | | Hemoglobin, mean (SD), g/L | 105.63 (12.88) | 132.32 (9.23) | <0.001 | | Total protein, mean (SD), g/L | 60.67 (7.97) | 63.46 (5.87) | <0.001 | | Albumin, mean (SD), g/L | 31.26 (3.60) | 35.12 (3.57) | <0.001 | | Sodium, mean (SD), mmol/L | 136.8 (10.95) | 139.7 (3.80) | 0.002 | | Glucose, mean (SD), mmol/L | 6.18 (2.16) | 5.80 (1.68) | 0.65 | | Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L | 3.46 (0.77) | 4.05 (0.90) | <0.001 | | Triglyceride, mean (SD), mmol/L | 0.93 (0.56) | 1.01 (0.52) | 0.013 | | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.91 (0.78) | 2.33 (0.75) | <0.001 | | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.02 (0.35) | 1.13 (0.35) | 0.031 | | Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), mean (SD), % | 6.37 (0.97) | 6.48 (1.14) | 0.98 |
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