The Gut-Liver Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Association of Intestinal Permeability with Disease Severity and Treatment Outcomes

Table 1

Patient characteristics.

	Normal intestinal permeability (n = 111)	Elevated intestinal permeability (n = 79)	value
Age (years)	56.00 (48.00–64.00)	59.00 (50.00–65.00)	0.283
Male sex, n (%)	63 (56.76)	38 (48.10)	0.239
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	25.71 ± 2.94	25.70 ± 3.53	0.990
Smoking, n (%)	28 (25.23)	19 (24.05)	0.853
Hypertension, n (%)	34 (30.63)	30 (37.97)	0.291
Diabetes, n (%)	18 (16.22)	18 (22.78)	0.255

Normal intestinal permeability was defined as D-lactate<15 U/L, and elevated intestinal permeability was defined as D-lactate≥15 U/L.