The Gut-Liver Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Association of Intestinal Permeability with Disease Severity and Treatment Outcomes

Table 4

Effects of metabolic therapy in NAFLD patients with normal or elevated intestinal permeability.

	Normal intestinal permeability (N = 7)	Elevated intestinal permeability (N = 23)	value
ΔTG (mmol/L)	1.00 (0.90–1.30)	−0.10 (−0.39–0.39)	0.014
Δtc (mmol/L)	0.09 (−0.12–0.55)	−0.20 (−0.81–0.49) (n = 22)	0.469
ΔHDL (mmol/L)	−0.02 ± 0.17	−0.03 ± 0.17	0.848
ΔLDL (mmol/L)	−0.04 (−0.37–0.00)	0.25 (−0.67–0.48)	0.598

Δ, baseline results minus results at one month after metabolic therapy; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride. Normal intestinal permeability was defined as D-lactate <15 U/L, and elevated intestinal permeability was defined as D-lactate ≥15 U/L. Significant P value is indicated in bold font.