The Effects of Probiotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Liver Steatosis Induced in Rats by High-Fructose Corn Syrup

Table 4

Changes in body and liver weights of rats.

Weight (g)	Control group (n = 8)	HFCS group (n = 8)	HFCS + omega-3 fatty acids group (n = 8)	HFCS + probiotic group (n = 8)	HFCS + omega-3 fatty acids + probiotic group (n = 8)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Initial weight	265.75 ± 47.01	263.75 ± 38.96	261.25 ± 28.57	251.50 ± 28.73	275.75 ± 32.65	0.756
Third-week weight	288.12 ± 47.64	296.25 ± 38.10	303.62 ± 28.96	285.25 ± 30.16	315.87 ± 32.79	0.453
	0.004	0.006	0.007	0.002	0.012
Sacrifice weight	324.25 ± 49.96	346.00 ± 37.06	313.75 ± 38.78	303.55 ± 21.42	299.50 ± 48.12	0.170
	0.015	0.019	0.123	0.017	0.007
1^st weight change (%)	8.67 ± 1.31	12.62 ± 2.11^a2	16.38 ± 1.81^a3,b3	13.53 ± 1.30^a3	14.76 ± 2.11^a3,b1	0.001
2^nd weight change (%)	12.73 ± 3.84	17.15 ± 5.68	3.16 ± 6.23^a3,b3	6.76 ± 4.46^a1,a3,b3	−5,67 ± 6.78^a3,b3,d3	0.001
	0.018	0.034	0.001	0.001	0.001
3^rd weight change (%)	22.45 ± 4.66	31.96 ± 7.97^a2	20.04 ± 7.04^b3	21.25 ± 6.20^b2	8.15 ± 6.42^a3,b3,c3,d3	0.001
	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
Liver weight	10.75 ± 1.03	11.87 ± 1.35	10.12 ± 1.7^b1	9.62 ± 1.76^b1	9.87 ± 1.95^b3,c3	0.049
Liver index	3.34 ± 0.26	3.43 ± 0.09	3.21 ± 0.23	3.15 ± 0.38	3.28 ± 0.24	0.236

1^st weight change (%): (third-week weight − initial weight)/initial weight) × 0100. 2^nd weight change (%): (sacrifice weight − third-week weight)/third-week weight) × 100. 3^rd weight change (%): (sacrifice weight − initial weight)/initial weight) × 100. Liver index: (liver weight/sacrifice weight) × 100. One-way ANOVA.Unpaired t-test. Paired t-test. ^aFor the control group,  ≤ 0.05^a1,  ≤ 0.01^a2,  ≤ 0.001^a3. ^bFor the HFCS group,  ≤ 0.05^b1,  ≤ 0.01^b2,  ≤ 0.001^b3. ^cFor the HFCS + omega-3 fatty acids,  ≤ 0.05^c1,  ≤ 0.01^c2,  ≤ 0.001^c3. ^dFor the HFCS + probiotic group,  ≤ 0.05^d1,  ≤ 0.01^d2,  ≤ 0.001^d3. Bold shows statistically significant values.