Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Compared with the Low-Fat Diet on Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Feeding Trial

Table 1

Dietary intake of energy and some nutrients in the three study groups at the baseline and end.

Dietary intake	Regular (n = 42)	Low fat (n = 43)	MD (n = 40)	P value
Total energy (Kcal)
Before intervention	2588.2 ± 236.1	2572.9 ± 241.2	2601.5 ± 256.7	0.7
After intervention	2498.9 ± 243.9	2145.6 ± 291.2	2236.5 ± 265.8	0.4
Total carbohydrate (g/day)
Before intervention	388.24 ± 22.3	385.9 ± 32.1	390.2 ± 28.5	0.2
After intervention	366.5 ± 25.8	321.8 ± 38.5	335.4 ± 26.1	0.2
Total protein (g/day)
Before intervention	64.5 ± 10	64.6 ± 10.9	65.05 ± 8.9	0.102
After intervention	65.8 ± 12.1	85.1 ± 11.1	44.7 ± 7.1	0.04
Total fiber (g/day)
Before intervention	23.8 ± 4.8	26.1 ± 2.6	25.51 ± 2.6	0.2
After intervention	23.9 ± 5.4	27.9 ± 1.76	28.1 ± 3.6	0.09
Total fat (g/day)
Before intervention	86.3 ± 14.7	85.6 ± 12.1	86.7 ± 15.3	0.82
After intervention	85.5 ± 20.2	57.6 ± 11.5	80 ± 11.7	0.01
SFA1 (g/day)
Before intervention	28.9 ± 5.4	29.5 ± 5.9	29.7 ± 6.8	0.3
After intervention	28.4 ± 5.6	7.9 ± 2.1	15.8 ± 4.6	<0.001
PUFA^2 (g/day)
Before intervention	39.8 ± 7.5	33.4 ± 5.2	39.1 ± 5.9	0.89
After intervention	41.4 ± 11.3	32.4 ± 10.1	35.5 ± 10.1	0.06
MUFA (g/day)
Before intervention	19.1 ± 3.8	19.7 ± 1.5	18.1 ± 2.3	0.21
After intervention	19.8 ± 2.4	18.5 ± 1.7	28.7 ± 3.1	0.03
Vitamin D (µg/day)
Before intervention	0.63 ± 0.5	0.59 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.15	0.22
After intervention	0.51 ± 0.37	0.57 ± 0.5	0.59 ± 0.2	0.7
Vitamin K (µg/day)
Before intervention	101 ± 5.6	106.5 ± 7.5	105.7 ± 5.6	0.8
After intervention	110 ± 7.9	115.7 ± 5.4	120 ± 3.4	0.1
Sodium (mg/day)
Before intervention	3250 ± 167.1	3156 ± 220.1	3278.9 ± 154.6	0.4
After intervention	3189 ± 198.5	2905 ± 121.5	2289 ± 99.5	0.07
Calcium (mg/day)
Before intervention	793 ± 186	827 ± 186	810 ± 146	0.2
After intervention	801 ± 133	815 ± 154	850 ± 101	0.1
Magnesium (mg/day)
Before intervention	356 ± 11.5	344.6 ± 10.8	350.1 ± 8.8	0.8
After intervention	355.6 ± 10.1	367.8 ± 15.6	410.4 ± 10	0.09

Data are expressed as means ± SD; differences among groups were evaluated by the one-way ANOVA test; 1, SFA: saturated fatty acid; 2, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; 3, MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid.