Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Compared with the Low-Fat Diet on Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Feeding Trial
Table 1
Dietary intake of energy and some nutrients in the three study groups at the baseline and end.
Dietary intake
Regular (n = 42)
Low fat (n = 43)
MD (n = 40)
P value
Total energy (Kcal)
Before intervention
2588.2 ± 236.1
2572.9 ± 241.2
2601.5 ± 256.7
0.7
After intervention
2498.9 ± 243.9
2145.6 ± 291.2
2236.5 ± 265.8
0.4
Total carbohydrate (g/day)
Before intervention
388.24 ± 22.3
385.9 ± 32.1
390.2 ± 28.5
0.2
After intervention
366.5 ± 25.8
321.8 ± 38.5
335.4 ± 26.1
0.2
Total protein (g/day)
Before intervention
64.5 ± 10
64.6 ± 10.9
65.05 ± 8.9
0.102
After intervention
65.8 ± 12.1
85.1 ± 11.1
44.7 ± 7.1
0.04
Total fiber (g/day)
Before intervention
23.8 ± 4.8
26.1 ± 2.6
25.51 ± 2.6
0.2
After intervention
23.9 ± 5.4
27.9 ± 1.76
28.1 ± 3.6
0.09
Total fat (g/day)
Before intervention
86.3 ± 14.7
85.6 ± 12.1
86.7 ± 15.3
0.82
After intervention
85.5 ± 20.2
57.6 ± 11.5
80 ± 11.7
0.01
SFA1 (g/day)
Before intervention
28.9 ± 5.4
29.5 ± 5.9
29.7 ± 6.8
0.3
After intervention
28.4 ± 5.6
7.9 ± 2.1
15.8 ± 4.6
<0.001
PUFA2 (g/day)
Before intervention
39.8 ± 7.5
33.4 ± 5.2
39.1 ± 5.9
0.89
After intervention
41.4 ± 11.3
32.4 ± 10.1
35.5 ± 10.1
0.06
MUFA (g/day)
Before intervention
19.1 ± 3.8
19.7 ± 1.5
18.1 ± 2.3
0.21
After intervention
19.8 ± 2.4
18.5 ± 1.7
28.7 ± 3.1
0.03
Vitamin D (µg/day)
Before intervention
0.63 ± 0.5
0.59 ± 0.3
0.6 ± 0.15
0.22
After intervention
0.51 ± 0.37
0.57 ± 0.5
0.59 ± 0.2
0.7
Vitamin K (µg/day)
Before intervention
101 ± 5.6
106.5 ± 7.5
105.7 ± 5.6
0.8
After intervention
110 ± 7.9
115.7 ± 5.4
120 ± 3.4
0.1
Sodium (mg/day)
Before intervention
3250 ± 167.1
3156 ± 220.1
3278.9 ± 154.6
0.4
After intervention
3189 ± 198.5
2905 ± 121.5
2289 ± 99.5
0.07
Calcium (mg/day)
Before intervention
793 ± 186
827 ± 186
810 ± 146
0.2
After intervention
801 ± 133
815 ± 154
850 ± 101
0.1
Magnesium (mg/day)
Before intervention
356 ± 11.5
344.6 ± 10.8
350.1 ± 8.8
0.8
After intervention
355.6 ± 10.1
367.8 ± 15.6
410.4 ± 10
0.09
Data are expressed as means ± SD; differences among groups were evaluated by the one-way ANOVA test; 1, SFA: saturated fatty acid; 2, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; 3, MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid.