Research Article
Adherence to Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer (BrCa): A Case-Control Study
Table 1
Demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics of participants across case and control groups as well as quartiles of LLDS.
| | Variables | Groups, mean (SD) | valuea | Quartiles of LLDS, mean (SD) | valuea | | Case (n = 253) | Control (n = 267) | Q1 | Q4 |
| | Age, y | 48.91 (10.46) | 47.13 (10.08) | 0.062 | 48.21 (10.28) | 48.86 (10.67) | 0.957 | | BMIb, kg/m2 | 29.61 (4.55) | 29.07 (5.39) | 0.222 | 29.19 (4.88) | 29.50 (5.10) | 0.970 | | Waist- circumference (cm) | 101.15 (96.39) | 96.39 (13.25) | <0.001 | 98.34 (10.70) | 97.89 (12.68) | 0.439 | | Physical activity (Met.h/wk) | 33.18 (6.11) | 32.70 (5.20) | 0.336 | 32.53 (4.88) | 33.12 (5.89) | 0.513 | | Smoking (yes), n (%) | (3.2) 8 | (3.4) 9 | 0.894 | 3 (2.5) | 3 (2.5) | 0.690 | | Marriage age, y | 19.43 (5.02) | 18.98 (4.48) | 0.296 | 19.28 (5.22) | 19.00 (4.14) | 0.939 | | First pregnancy age, y | 22.29 (5.32) | 20.35 (4.19) | <0.001 | 21.92 (5.04) | 20.88 (4.89) | 0.334 | | Child number | 2.92 (1.43) | 2.54 (1.59) | 0.005 | 2.73 (1.46) | 2.79 (1.54) | 0.782 | | Abortion history (yes), n (%) | (37.2) 94 | (29.2) 78 | 0.049 | 40 (33.6) | 43 (35.2) | 0.927 | | Menopausal status (post-menopausal), n (%) | 115 (45.5) | 114 (42.7) | 0.527 | 48 (21) | 59 (25.8) | 0.652 | | Hormone replacement therapy (yes), n (%) | 13 (5.1) | 25 (10.9) | 0.016 | 4 (9.5) | 13 (31) | | | Family history of breast cancer (yes), n (%) | (5.5) 14 | (4.5) 12 | 0.594 | 6 (5.0) | 9 (7.4) | 0.479 | | Family history of cancer (yes), n (%) | (26.9) 68 | (20.7) 55 | 0.097 | 27 (22.7) | 29 (23.8) | 0.801 | | Benign breast diseases history (yes), n (%) | (7.9) 20 | (5.3) 14 | 0.224 | 9 (7.6) | 6 (4.9) | 0.712 | | Inflammatory disease history (yes), n (%) | (12.6) 32 | (13.2) 35 | 0.863 | 12 (10.1) | 17 (13.9) | 0.068 | | Vitamin D supplement (yes), n (%) | (14.6) 37 | (24.3) 65 | 0.005 | 23 (19.3) | 21 (17.2) | 0.177 | | Ever use of OCP (yes), n (%) | (49.8) 126 | (56) 149 | 0.156 | 54 (45.4) | 67 (54.9) | 0.253 | | Anti-inflammatory drugs use (yes), n (%) | (10.3) 26 | (17.7) 47 | 0.015 | 19 (16.0) | 16 (13.1) | 0.525 | | Education status, n (%) | | | 0.518 | | | 0.143 | | Illiterate | (11.6) 29 | (9) 24 | | 19 (16.1) | 6 (4.9) | | | Low education | 116 (46.6) | (50.4) 134 | | 54 (45.8) | 65 (53.3) | | | Higher education | (42) 105 | (40.6) 108 | | 45 (38.1) | 51 (41.8) | | | Exposure to sunlight during the day (min) | | | 0.215 | | | 0.398 | | Less than 30 minutes | (28.5) 72 | (36) 96 | | 30 (25.2) | 44 (36.1) | | | 60–30 minutes | (32.4) 82 | (25.5) 68 | | 42 (35.3) | 33 (27.0) | | | 120–60 minutes | (17) 43 | (17.2) 46 | | 19 (16.0) | 15 (12.3) | | | More than 120 minutes | (22.1) 56 | (21.3) 57 | | 28 (23.5) | 30 (24.6) | |
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aObtained from ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi-square for aategorical variables. bBMI: body mass index.
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