Association between Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Overweight, Obesity, and Malnutrition among Children in Tehran, Iran

Table1

Participant characteristics across the tertiles of UPFs^a.

Variables	Tertiles of UPFs			value^b
	T1 (n:262); (6.66to 95.28)	T2 (n:264); (95.88 to 164.98)	T3 (n:262); (165.09 to 643.21)
Physical activity (MET/h)	9.50 (0.36)	9.47 (0.35)	9.50 (0.34)	0.96
Total energy (kcal/d)	926.90 (246.38)	1035.99 (264.89)	1081.18(241.83)	<0.001
Socioeconomic status	20.11 (25.16)	22.08 (23.11)	27.22 (26.11)	0.001
Weight (kg)	20.96 (2.48)	20.75 (2.38)	20.85 (2.17)	0.59
Height (cm)	113.80 (2.01)	113.68 (2.02)	113.78 (1.97)	0.93
BMI (kg/m^2)	16.18 (1.92)	16.06) 1.85)	16.11 (1.73)	0.64
BMI-for-age z-score	0.39 (1.15)	0.33 (1.09)	0.37 (1.03)	0.87
Height-for-age z-score	−0.54 (0.42)	−0.57 (0.41)	−0.54 (0.44)	0.93
Middle-arm circumference (cm)	15.45 (0.47)	15.51 (0.61)	15.40 (0.51)	0.29

^a: Data are reported as mean (SD).^b: Obtained from one-way ANOVA test. UPFs: Ultra-processed foods.