The Association of Seasonal Variations and COVID-19 Clinical Features: A Comparative Study on the Fourth and Fifth Waves
Table 3
Patients’ clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of 4th and 5th COVID-19 waves.
Manifestations and findings
4th wave (n = 100)
5th wave (n = 90)
value
Fever
62 (62.0%)
61 (67.8%)
0.449
Shivering
39 (39.0%)
43 (47.8%)
0.243
Cough
75 (75.0%)
82 (91.1%)
0.004
Dyspnea
75 (75.0%)
75 (83.3%)
0.212
Abdominal pain
11 (11.0%)
7 (7.8%)
0.471
Myalgia
60 (60.0%)
59 (65.6%)
0.456
Weakness
50 (50.0%)
46 (51.1%)
0.886
Headache
28 (28.0%)
26 (28.9%)
1.000
Nausea/vomiting
2 (2.0%)
19 (21.1%)
<0.001
Diarrhea
1 (1.0%)
16 (17.8%)
<0.001
Constipation
3 (3.0%)
12 (13.3%)
0.013
Anosmia/ageusia
13 (13.0%)
15 (16.7%)
0.541
Anorexia
39 (39.0%)
35 (38.9%)
1.000
Conjunctivitis
5 (5.0%)
8 (8.9%)
0.390
Oral manifestations
6 (6.0%)
10 (11.1%)
0.296
SpO2 on admission (percent)
90.00 (6)
88 (6)
0.026
Chest CT involvement
(i) Percentage
40.00 (20)
50.00 (20)
<0.001
(ii) Type
0.002
No involvement
0.00
3.33
GGO
90.00
95.56
Consolidation
10.00
1.11
WBC count (cell/microliter)
8000.00 (4825)
6300.00 (3675)
0.004
Neutrophils (cell/microliter)
6409.00 (4702)
5020.00 (3333)
0.016
Lymphocytes (cell/microliter)
908.50 (755)
763.50 (473)
0.027
Values are reported as median (IQR) or number (percentages). Obtained from the chi-square test and the Mann–Whitney test, where appropriate. SpO2: peripheral capillary oxygen saturation; WBC: white blood cell.
