Research Article
Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: Data from the Middle East
Table 2
Laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients (N = 1,613).
| | Laboratory test | Overall sample (n = 1,6013) | Survived (N = 1,004) | Deceased (N = 609) | value | | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) |
| | C-reactive protein (CRP) | | | | | | High | 1,129 (70.0) | 685 (60.7) | 444 (39.3) | 0.004 | | Low | 28 (1.7) | 25 (89.3) | 3 (10.7) | | | Unknown | 456 (28.3) | 294 (64.5) | 162 (35.5) | |
| | D-dimer | | | | | | High | 1, 192 (73.9) | 724 (60.7) | 468 (39.3) | 0.038 | | Low | 11 (0.7) | 5 (45.5) | 6 (54.5) | | | Unknown | 410 (25.4) | 275 (67.1) | 135 (32.9) | |
| | Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) | | | | | | High | 1.112 (68.9) | 679 (61.1) | 433 (38.9) | 0.071 | | Normal | 33 (2.0) | 27 (81.8) | 6 (18.2) | | | Low | 1 (0.1) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | | | Unknown | 467 (29.0) | 297 (63.6) | 170 (36.4) | |
| | Sodium | | | | | | Hypernatremia | 48 (3.0) | 5 (10.4) | 43 (89.6) | <0.001 | | Normal | 862 (53.4) | 544 (63.1) | 318 (36.9) | | | Hyponatremia | 470 (29.1) | 285 (60.6) | 185 (39.4) | | | Unknown | 233 (14.4) | 170 (73.0) | 63 (27.0) | |
| | Potassium | | | | | | Hyperkalemia | 112 (6.9) | 51 (45.5) | 61 (54.5) | <0.001 | | Normal | 1,134 (70.3) | 709 (62.5) | 425 (37.5) | | | Hypokalemia | 134 (8.3) | 74 (55.2) | 60 (44.8) | | | Unknown | 233 (14.4) | 170 (73.0) | 63 (27.0) | |
| | Albumin | | | | | | Normal | 616 (38.2) | 443 (71.9) | 173 (28.1) | <0.001 | | Hypoalbuminemia | 747 (46.3) | 380 (50.9) | 367 (49.1) | | | Unknown | 250 (15.5) | 181 (72.4) | 69 (27.6) | |
| | Alanine transaminase (ALT) | | | | | | High | 290 (18.0) | 171 (59.0) | 119 (41.0) | <0.001 | | Normal | 1,103 (68.4) | 669 (60.7) | 434 (39.3) | | | Unknown | 220 (13.6) | 164 (74.5) | 56 (25.5) | |
| | Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | | | | | | High | 589 (36.5) | 307 (52.1) | 282 (47.9) | <0.001 | | Normal | 802 (49.7) | 531 (66.2) | 271 (33.8) | | | Unknown | 222 (13.8) | 166 (74.8) | 56 (25.2) | |
| | Troponin | | | | | | High | 24 (1.5) | 9 (37.5) | 15 (62.5) | 0.041 | | Normal | 520 (32.2) | 327 (62.9) | 193 (37.1) | | | Unknown | 1,069 (66.3) | 668 (62.5) | 401 (37.5) | |
| | Platelets | | | | | | High | 139 (8.6) | 91 (65.5) | 48 (34.5) | <0.001 | | Normal | 1,094 (67.8) | 684 (62.5) | 410 (37.5) | | | Low | 254 (15.7) | 133 (52.4) | 121 (47.6) | | | Unknown | 126 (7.8) | 96 (76.2) | 30 (23.8) | |
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Normal levels: CRP: 0.0–5.0 mg/L; D-dimer: 0.1–0.5 ug/ml; LDH: 264.6–441.0 U/L; sodium: 135–145 mmol/L; potassium: 3.7–5.4 mmol/L; albumin: 35–52 g/L; ALT: 0.0–41.0 U/L; AST: 0.0–40.0 U/L; troponin: 0.000–0.20 ng/ml; platelets: 150 × 10 3–400 × 10 3/mm 3. |
