|
| Author; year | Country | Study design | Assessment of skeletal muscle mass | Definition of low skeletal muscle mass | Assessment of delirium | Study population | No. of patients (n) | NOS quality assessment |
|
| Pernik et al. 2022 [15] | America | Retrospective cohort study | PMI (by CT and MRI) | PMI quartile 4 | A chart review method | Patients ≥65 years old receiving thoracolumbar spine surgery | 196 | 7 |
| Hwang et al. 2022 [13] | South Korea | Retrospective cohort study | Appendicular SMI (by BIA) | SMI (males, <7.0 kg/m2; females, <5.7 kg/m2) | Based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition | Patients with a mean age of over 70 years old receiving total knee arthroplasty | 452 | 8 |
| Zucchelli et al. 2022 [16] | Italy | Cross-sectional study | Based on the calf circumference | Calf circumference ≤34 cm for males, ≤33 cm for females | Based on a 4AT score | Patients with a mean age of 83.1 years old and were admitted to acute hospital medical wards, emergency departments, rehabilitation wards, nursing homes, and hospices | 1675 | 8 |
| van der Zanden et al. 2021 [24] | The Netherlands | Retrospective cohort study | SMI at the L3 level (by CT) | SMI <38.50 cm2/m2 | Not reported | Women with a median age of 75.9 (from 70 to 89) years old receiving surgery for ovarian cancer | 213 | 7 |
| Hirase et al. 2021 [25] | America | Retrospective cohort study | PMI (by CT and MRI) | PMI below the gender specific cut-off values determined using receiver operating characteristic curves and youden index | Not reported | Patients with a mean age of 60.1 years old receiving complex revision thoracolumbar spine surgery | 114 | 7 |
| Jones et al. 2020 [28] | America | Case-control study | SMI at the L3 level (by CT) | SMI ≤41.6 cm2/m2 for males and ≤32.0 cm2/m2 for females | Not reported | Patients with a mean age of 59.4 years old receiving autologous free tissue reconstruction following resection of head and neck malignancy | 168 | 6 |
| Mosk et al. 2018 [14] | The Netherlands | Retrospective cohort study | SMI at the L3 level (by CT) | Patients in the lowest sex-specific quartile for skeletal muscle mass | Based on the delirium observational screening scale | Patients with a median age of 76 (from 73 to 80) years old receiving elective surgery for colorectal cancer | 251 | 8 |
| Bellelli et al. 2018 [27] | Italy | Cross-sectional study | Whole body SMI (by BIA) | SMI of less than 8.87 and 6.42 kg/m2 in men and women, respectively | Based on the short portable mental status questionnaire | Patients with a mean age of 80.9 years old and were admitted to the hospital wards | 588 | 8 |
| Hiraoka et al. 2018 [26] | Japan | Retrospective cohort study | PMI (by CT) | PMI ≤4.24 cm2/m2 for males, ≤2.50 cm2/m2 for females | Based on the intensive care delirium screening checklist | Patients with a mean age of 70.4 years old receiving surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma | 171 | 8 |
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