Application of the Firefly Algorithm for Solving the Economic Emissions Load Dispatch Problem

Table 3

Solutions compromising minimum fuel cost and emission for 𝐷=1 MW and 𝑎=0.5.

	Firefly algorithm		Goal attainment SQP method
	Case A	Case B	Case A	Case B
PG1 (MW)	0.050000	0.050000	0.05000	0.05000
PG2 (MW)	0.147177	0.147177	0.23670	0.23770
PG3 (MW)	0.099979	0.099979	0.07250	0.07270
PG4 (MW)	0.434936	0.434936	0.32520	0.33010
PG5 (MW)	0.214481	0.214481	0.07250	0.07190
PG6 (MW)	0.052670	0.052670	0.24310	0.23910
Obj. function	302.552853	302.709382	301.633115	301.625363
Fuel cost	603.354361	603.354361	603.034045	603.018459
Emission	0.236339	0.236339	0.232184	0.232266
PLoss	0.000000	0.000158	0.000000	0.001596