A Molecular Perspective on Systematics, Taxonomy and Classification Amazonian Discus Fishes of the Genus Symphysodon

Table 2

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of Symphysodon species, ESUs, phenotypes, and sampling localities. * = significant at  𝑃=0.05.

Source of variation	SS	%
Among localities	711.61	29.43*
Within localities	1549.17	70.57*
Among species*	279.33	24.80*
Among localities within species	448.99	15.64*
Within localities	1578.28	59.56*
Among species^†	374.83	21.67*
Among localities within species	353.49	13.69*
Within localities	1578.28	64.64*
Among phenotypes^‡	416.82	19.54*
Among localities within phenotypes	311.50	13.48*
Within localities	1578.28	66.98*
Among phenotypes^∘	497.78	22.42*
Among localities within phenotypes	230.54	10.12*
Within localities	1578.28	67.47*
Among ESUs^◊	484.96	22.41*
Among localities within ESUs	243.36	10.36*
Within localities	1578.28	67.27*

* = species Symphysodon aequifasciatus and S. discus [20].
^† = species Symphysodon tarzoo, S. aequifasciatus and S. discus [17].
^‡ = phenotypes Heckel, abacaxi, green, blue and brown [18, 54].
^∘ = phenotypes Heckel, abacaxi, green, blue and brown, and Xingu [15].
^◊ = ESUs of Symphysodon identified in the present study.