Review Article
Divergence in Defence against Herbivores between Males and Females of Dioecious Plant Species
Table 1
Terminology for flowers and sexual systems.
| Term | Description |
| Flowers | | Pistillate | Unisexual flower with functional pistils only (female flower; may have vestigial, sterile stamens (staminodia)) | Staminate | Unisexual flower with functional stamens only (male flower; may have vestigial, sterile pistils (pistilodia)) | Bisexual, perfect | Bisexual flower with both functional pistils and stamens | Sexual system | | Monomorphic | One kind of plant (floral morph) in the population | Hermaphrodite | Most commonly applied to plants with bisexual flowers, but all monomorphic populations consist of hermaphrodite individuals | Monoecious | Pistillate and staminate flowers on same plant | Gynomonecious | Both bisexual and pistillate flowers on same plant | Andromonoecious | Both bisexual and staminate flowers on same plant | Trimonecious | Bisexual, pistillate, and staminate flowers on same plant | Dimorphic | Two kinds of plants (floral morphs) in the population | Dioecious | One morph male (with staminate flowers only); the other female (with pistillate flowers only) | Gynodioecious | One morph female, the other hermaphrodite (with either bisexual flowers or both pistillate and staminate flowers) | Androdioecious | One morph male, the other hermaphrodite (as above) | Trimorphic | Three floral morphs in the population | Trioecious | Males, females, and hermaphrodites |
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Modified from Dellaporta and Calderon-Urrea 1993.
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