Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi May Mitigate the Influence of a Joint Rise of Temperature and Atmospheric CO₂ on Soil Respiration in Grasslands

Table 1

Root and soil characteristics for the different treatments (mean and one standard error (SE)). Letters indicate significant differences within one row (𝑃≤.10; nested two-way ANOVA). Absence of letters denotes the absence of significant differences for the specific parameter. We also report (borderline) significant treatment (AMF or climate scenario) effects and AMF x climate scenario interactions.

		Inoculated pasteurized soil				Non-inoculated pasteurized soil				Statistic results for AMF x climate scenario interaction effects
		Ambient climate		Future climate		Ambient climate		Future climate
		Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE
Root biomass (mg cm^−3)	Top 9 cm	4.14	1.28	1.64	0.22	3.43	1.04	4.46	1.09	𝐹1,4=3.39;𝑃=.14
	Entire profile	1.78^ab	0.47	1.22^a	0.12	1.63^ab	0.33	2.71^b	0.43	𝐹1,4=5.72;𝑃=.08
Root length (cm cm^−3)	Top 9 cm	35.24	4.33	20.98	3.27	34.91	7.46	36.62	3.39	No
	Entire profile	17.99	3.04	16.64	2.06	18.63	3.33	20.37	2.78	No
Specific root length (cm mg^−1)*	Top 9 cm	10.28	2.06	12.70	0.26	9.87	1.69	9.58	2.01	No
	Entire profile	11.65	0.88	13.12	0.84	10.59	1.10	7.96	1.17	𝐹1,3=3.98;𝑃=.14
Average root diameter (mm)	Top 9 cm	0.24	0.01	0.24	0.02	0.21	0.01	0.24	0.01	No
	Entire profile	0.22	0.01	0.23	0.01	0.22	0.00	0.23	0.00	No
Root C concentration (%)	Top 9 cm	42.61	0.93	42.44	0.51	43.37	0.47	42.57	0.66	No
Root N concentration (%)	Top 9 cm	0.93	0.04	1.05	0.05	1.08	0.05	0.99	0.06	𝐹1,4=4.37;𝑃=.10
Root C : N ratio	Top 9 cm	46.17	0.90	40.84	1.56	40.33	1.81	43.19	1.78	𝐹1,4=6.92;𝑃=.06
Soil C concentration (%)	Top 9 cm	1.32	0.05	1.33	0.08	1.32	0.06	1.33	0.10	No
	Entire profile	1.30	0.04	1.33	0.02	1.29	0.02	1.32	0.03	No
Soil N concentration (%)	Top 9 cm	0.12	0.01	0.12	0.00	0.12	0.00	0.12	0.01	No
	Entire profile	0.12	0.00	0.12	0.00	0.12	0.00	0.12	0.00	No
Soil C : N ratio	Top 9 cm	11.30	0.15	11.23	0.52	11.00	0.23	11.07	0.29	No
	Entire profile	11.09	0.14	11.17	0.32	11.12	0.13	11.06	0.11	No

^∗Specific root length was calculated from root biomass and root length.