Elk Distributions Relative to Spring Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Values

Table 2

Observed (O) and expected (E) frequencies, proportion of AVHRR image area by category and date, and Chi-square values of San Antonio Mountain, New Mexico elk locations and AVHRR image NDVI values using corresponding elk location Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) reference areas classified into nonphotosynthetically active surface (NPAS) and photosynthetically active surface (PAS) categories for 1999, 2000, and 2001.

Year	AVHRR Image Date Range	No. Elk Obs.	MCP Area (km^2)	NPAS		NPAS Area	PAS-1		PAS1 Area	PAS-2		PAS2 Area	PAS-3		PAS3 Area	𝜒^2	df	𝑃-value
				O	E		O	E		O	E		O	E
1999	26 Mar–8 Apr	93	1031				13	23	0.24	70	57	0.61	10	14	0.15	8.149	2	.017
	9 Apr–22 Apr	124	1308	1	1	0.01	25	36	0.29	84	72	0.58	14	15	0.12	5.461	3	.141
	23 Apr–6 May	127	1354	2	4	0.03	35	31	0.24	76	71	0.56	14	21	0.16	4.045	3	.257
	7 May–20 May	47	1113				11	8	0.16	28	30	0.63	8	10	0.21	1.987	2	.370
	21 May–3 Jun	126	2325	4	8	0.06	79	79	0.63	43	39	0.31	0	1	0.01	3.009	3	.390
	4 Jun–17 Jun	40	1392				0	0	0.001	2	4	0.10	38	36	0.90	1.121	2	.571
2000	25 Mar–7 Apr	79	815			0.004	12	27	0.34	47	37	0.47	20	15	0.19	12.682	2	.005
	8 Apr–21 Apr	66	1117				8	20	0.31	32	32	0.49	26	13	0.20	20.011	2	<.001
	22 Apr–5 May	145	1423				8	18	0.12	96	93	0.64	41	34	0.24	6.733	2	.035
	6 May–19 May	112	2494				6	12	0.11	52	50	0.45	54	50	0.44	3.531	2	.171
	20 May–3 Jun	77	2166				3	9	0.12	6	16	0.20	68	52	0.68	15.109	2	.001
	4 Jun–16 Jun	121	2107				2	10	0.08	9	26	0.21	110	85	0.70	24.888	2	<.001
2001	6 Apr–19 Apr	31	784				8	10	0.33	23	21	0.67				0.661	1	.416
	20 Apr–3 May	117	1667	9	12	0.11	29	31	0.27	79	70	0.60	0	3	0.03	5.555	3	.135
	4 May–17 May	62	2027			0.002	3	9	0.15	32	31	0.50	27	22	0.35	5.541	2	.136
	18 May–31 May	119	2249				1	8	0.07	61	63	0.53	57	48	0.40	7.921	2	.019
	15 Jun–28 Jun	58	2183				0	1	0.02	7	8	0.14	51	49	0.85	1.142	2	.565