Effects of Intraguild Predation: Evaluating Resource Competition between Two Canid Species with Apparent Niche Separation

Table 3

Comparisons between observed (lower and upper) and predicted canid distributions analyzed using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test [14]. Significant differences between distributions were detected using Bailey simultaneous confidence intervals. Habitats that were avoided were used less frequently than predicted; preferred habitats were used more than predicted.

Habitat		Proportion		Selection	df	𝑃
	Lower	Upper	Predicted
Coyotes: observed versus predicted
Shrub-steppe	0.0220	0.0385	0.2770	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Grassland	0.3329	0.3788	0.3240	Prefer	6	<0.05
Stable dune	0.2426	0.2849	0.0970	Prefer	6	<0.0001
Greasewood	0.1989	0.2386	0.1560	Prefer	6	<0.0001
Chenopod	0.0920	0.1216	0.0440	Prefer	6	<0.0001
Pickleweed	0.0030	0.0125	0.0290	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Urban	0.0129	0.0262	0.0730	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Mountain Foxes: observed versus predicted
Shrub-steppe	0.6250	0.6992	0.2793	Prefer	6	<0.0001
Grassland	0.1915	0.2569	0.3624	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Stable dune	0.0726	0.1232	0.1111		6	>0.05
Greasewood	0.0057	0.0243	0.1251	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Chenopod	0.0000	0.0081	0.0400	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Pickleweed	0.0015	0.0043	0.0290	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Urban	0.0015	0.0043	0.0531	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Grassland Foxes: observed versus predicted
Shrub-steppe	0.1622	0.2524	0.2793	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Grassland	0.7181	0.8124	0.3624	Prefer	6	<0.0001
Stable dune	0.0000	0.0165	0.1111	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Greasewood	0.0057	0.0362	0.1251	Avoid	6	<0.05
Chenopod	0.0001	0.0174	0.0400	Avoid	6	<0.05
Pickleweed	0.0030	0.0086	0.0290	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Urban	0.0030	0.0086	0.0531	Avoid	6	>0.05
City Foxes: observed versus predicted
Shrub-steppe	0.0023	0.0065	0.2793	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Grassland	0.0182	0.0537	0.3624	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Stable dune	0.0087	0.0367	0.1111	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Greasewood	0.0863	0.1482	0.1251		6	>0.05
Chenopod	0.1099	0.1773	0.0400	Prefer	6	<0.0001
Pickleweed	0.0023	0.0065	0.0290	Avoid	6	<0.001
Urban	0.6430	0.7322	0.0531	Prefer	6	<0.0001
Poverty Foxes: observed versus predicted
Shrub-steppe	0.0061	0.0315	0.2793	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Grassland	0.0073	0.0341	0.3624	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Stable dune	0.0693	0.1267	0.1111		6	>0.05
Greasewood	0.0003	0.0146	0.1251	Avoid	6	<0.0001
Chenopod	0.1239	0.1947	0.0400	Prefer	6	<0.0001
Pickleweed	0.5510	0.6458	0.0290	Prefer	6	<0.0001
Urban	0.0804	0.0531	0.0531	Prefer	6	<0.0001