Divergent Selection and Then What Not: The Conundrum of Missing Reproductive Isolation in Misty Lake and Stream Stickleback

Table 1

Generalized linear mixed model results for (I) ecotype and (II) covariate models testing for effects of male ecotype (meco), female ecotype (feco), and relevant covariates on head up, nest inspection, and nest entry. Mid stands for male identity. Covariates included in the initial full models were (a) display and RSD, (b) display and RSD, (c) aggression and ASD, or (d) aggression and ASD. Ecotype model and final (reduced model) AICc are given to allow inference of relative support of different models, whereby lower (difference >2) is better [59]. See Table 3 for covariate slopes. Significant effects are highlighted in bold and marginally significant (𝑃<0.1) in italics.

			Female response
Model type	Head up				Nest inspection			Nest entry
(I) Ecotype models
Source	AICc		130.79			144.12			135.12
Random		𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.			𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.			𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.
Mid (meco)		1.518±1.481			0.046±0.493			0.749±0.999
Fixed	ndf	ddf	F	P	ddf	F	P	ddf	F	P
Meco	2	38	0.29	0.725	38	1.55	0.226	39	2.78	0.075
Feco	2	62	0.00	1.000	62	1.18	0.314	63	3.53	0.035
Meco × Feco	4	62	0.19	0.943	62	0.19	0.942	63	0.65	0.630
(II) Covariate models
(a) Display and RSD
Source	AICc		98.87			122.33			103.19
Random		𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.			𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.			𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.
Mid (meco)		3.414±4.455			0.435±0.774			1.586±2.013
Fixed	ndf	ddf	F	P	ddf	F	P	ddf	F	P
Meco	2	38	1.18	0.318	38	2.59	0.088	38	3.21	0.052
Feco	2	63	2.81	0.068	65	1.31	0.276	66	3.32	0.042
Display	1	63	5.19	0.026	65	8.50	0.005	66	6.65	0.012
RSD	1	63	3.02	0.087	—			—
(b) Display and ASD
Source	AICc		103.53		Same final model as in a			Same final model as in a
Random		𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.
Mid (meco)		1.449±1.732
Fixed	ndf	ddf	F	P
Meco	2	38	0.01	0.988
Feco	2	64	3.91	0.025
Display	1	64	7.98	0.006
(c)Aggression and RSD
Source	AICc		109.80			122.36			109.46
Random		𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.			𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.			𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒±𝑆.𝐸.
Mid (meco)		0.524±0.940			0.012±0.611			0.185±0.784
Fixed	ndf	ddf	F	P	ddf	F	P	ddf	F	P
Meco	2	38	2.84	0.071	38	0.61	0.546	38	3.92	0.072
Feco	2	64	4.93	0.010	63	4.01	0.023	66	4.34	0.017
Aggression	1	64	9.47	0.003	63	6.50	0.013	66	10.35	0.002
Feco × Aggr.	—				63	3.11	0.051	—
(d) Aggression and RSD
	In all cases same final models as in c