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| Biodiversity level | Past research areas | Research gaps |
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| Ecosystem | Forest: ecosystem functions, ecosystem services flow, ecosystem valuation | Ecological footprint, forest bio-economy, carbon flux between forests and air, researches on edge effects, Incentivizing effects on forest conservation, wetland ecosystem, rangeland ecosystem |
| Transboundary landscape, interlinkage between migration and forest degradation | Assessment of landscape linkage/corridors, climate change and wildfire and their impacts |
| Protected area conservation and management, evaluation, integrated conservation and development, environmental governance, ecotourism, community conservation linkage, diversity and priority conservation, significance of biodiversity, biodiversity assessment, in-situ and ex-situ conservation | Encroachment in protected areas, functional interaction between land cover and biodiversity, carrying capacity of protected areas |
| Mangrove community forestry restoration, forest cover change, land use/land cover change, ecology of forest soil, carbon sequestration | Assessment of land use risk, effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on forest ecosystem |
| Indigenous agro-ecological knowledge, ethnic conflict in conservation, ecological ethics | Environmentally sensitive species, forest engineering, human-wildlife conflict |
| Use of ecological modelling and geospatial tools | Forest monitoring/landscape change, regional scale vegetation mapping/biodiversity; transboundary perspectives; ecological informatics, abatement policies |
| Ecological survey (i.e.: biodiversity hotspots, Eastern Himalayas, India, Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve, Hkakaborazi National Park) | Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and environmental auditing |
| Freshwater: eco-hydrology, alluvial morphology, integrated river basin management, sediment flux, water quality assessment, mercury bioaccumulation, nutrient dynamics, benthic macroinvertebrate | Human-induced environmental gradient, species richness of invertebrate, contamination status of water bodies |
| Agro: agro ecosystem function, agricultural intensification and mechanization, ecological agriculture, agriculture practices, shifting agriculture, ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge, conservation/potential of wild relatives of crops | commercialization of agriculture, gene pool, genetically modified crops and animals, threat to native species, bio-fertilizer, soil biodiversity, soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics |
| Tundra: conservation of alpine ecosystem | Effects of global warming on terrestrial ecosystem, microbial community change |
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| Species | Taxonomy, ecology and distribution (i.e. small carnivores, birds) | Population ecology |
| Dendro-ecology, biodiversity characterization and regeneration | Phylogenetic pattern of species |
| Ecology and habitat use of fauna | Species interaction/predator-prey interaction, resource competition of fauna, silviculture |
| Diversity and conservation of flora and fauna (angiosperms, ant, tortoise, fish, amphibian etc.) | Interlinkage between species diversity and ecosystem function, diversity and ecology, checklist of Protozoa’s, Coelenterates, Platyhelminthes, small mammals |
| Checklist of birds, insects, fishes etc. |
| Rediscovery of insects and endangered plants, regeneration ecology of tree | Terrestrial invasive plants, pests and pathogens |
| Illegal hunting and motivation, long-term monitoring, conservation plans for tiger and dolphin | Use of mathematical modelling in population ecology |
| Microhabitat in soil, nutritional physiology of mammals, ethno-medico-botany | |
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| Genetic | Diversity of micro-organisms and angiosperms | Genetic engineering, genetic pollution |
| Genetic structure and analysis of flora/fauna | Genetic variation of native species, genetic response to environmental stress |
| Molecular genetic method | Wildlife forensic |
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