Analysis of Electrical Characteristics of Composite Insulators with the Presence of Optimum Layer of ZnO Microvaristors

<table class="table-group" id="tab8"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Parameters</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 6.38914ptpx;"><svg height="9.23371pt" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.04981041pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.1839 6.38914 9.23371" width="6.38914pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><rect height="0.65243" width="6.28951" x="0" y="-8.48165"></rect><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M494 0V32C450 38 426 53 393 105L296 260C330 305 354 338 375 361C411 396 421 401 476 410V442H293V410C332 402 337 394 323 371C311 351 295 324 274 293L227 371C213 393 218 402 252 410V442H16V410C70 402 80 391 108 344L196 199C166 159 140 123 115 95C81 54 61 43 7 32V0H196V32C156 41 150 53 167 81C182 105 199 138 219 166L269 79C287 49 283 38 245 32V0H494Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 21.3061ptpx;"><svg height="9.51299pt" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.22188 21.3061 9.51299" width="21.3061pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M570 456L546 470C529 452 514 445 490 445C451 445 409 450 346 450C134 450 21 324 21 171C21 59 80 -12 197 -12C343 -12 453 99 453 227C453 286 433 327 375 370L376 373C409 368 450 363 487 363C521 363 548 377 570 456ZM340 272C340 210 304 31 214 31C166 31 150 87 150 140C150 249 198 377 285 377C298 377 312 369 322 356C339 333 340 304 340 272Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.647,3.132)"><path d="M270 0V32C208 38 203 43 203 110V703C146 688 72 674 15 667V637C70 630 75 628 75 567V110C75 45 70 41 10 32V0H270Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.186,3.132)"><path d="M549 0V32C497 40 491 42 491 105V294C491 394 441 454 360 454C331 454 312 445 282 426C260 412 240 396 220 383V456C161 439 95 425 39 418V390C87 380 92 377 92 317V109C92 42 88 41 26 32V0H267V32C225 38 220 42 220 104V346C246 366 268 377 294 377C330 377 363 355 363 283V113C363 42 358 38 316 32V0H549Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.356,3.132)"><path d="M564 400C564 428 550 457 511 457C455 457 416 420 338 315L320 359C293 425 277 457 246 457C201 457 143 411 82 327L109 294C145 339 165 354 174 354C185 354 195 350 223 271L245 208C190 131 144 86 122 86C113 86 104 90 97 95C89 101 82 106 73 106C48 106 22 85 22 50C22 13 48 -12 81 -12C140 -12 182 37 262 159L284 94C310 16 330 -12 374 -12C416 -12 479 29 541 120L516 154C472 102 450 87 439 87C425 87 412 110 402 138L356 270C380 300 401 326 419 342C439 359 453 364 464 364C477 364 484 359 490 354S503 345 511 345C535 345 564 367 564 400Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><svg height="14.1101pt" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-5.4742pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 10.7875 14.1101" width="10.7875pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M405 650H141L135 622C222 616 230 610 215 535L133 116C118 41 113 33 29 28L23 0H289L295 28C209 33 205 40 219 116L298 535C312 609 317 616 399 622L405 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.719,3.132)"><path d="M573 302C573 402 527 451 414 451C386 451 343 446 313 437L330 513L320 522C295 508 261 484 243 463L230 415C194 400 159 383 126 359L131 330C159 344 187 357 222 368L109 -147C96 -204 80 -214 18 -223L13 -255L256 -244L259 -212L236 -210C184 -205 180 -195 191 -141L219 -1C240 -10 268 -12 284 -12C352 4 431 48 484 104C543 166 573 240 573 302ZM481 290C481 165 381 37 305 37C280 37 249 56 235 71L302 395C328 399 353 402 372 402C427 402 481 378 481 290Z"></path></g></svg> (KA)</td><td class="align_center">31.1</td><td class="align_center">0.48</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><svg height="13.3428pt" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-5.52898pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.81382 10.8645 13.3428" width="10.8645pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M324 430H196L233 583L223 592L145 529L120 430H54L29 396L31 388H111L56 126C33 15 54 -12 77 -12C137 -12 214 57 250 95L233 119C208 92 155 59 138 59C126 59 120 70 131 125L186 390L298 394L324 430Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.368,3.132)"><path d="M620 667C620 684 593 710 552 710C515 710 459 687 409 634C360 582 334 506 320 433H247L215 400L220 388H310L259 80C224 -129 199 -161 185 -174C175 -183 160 -192 141 -192C123 -192 90 -181 75 -165C69 -158 64 -156 54 -164C39 -178 24 -195 24 -208C24 -231 61 -257 94 -257C124 -257 162 -243 209 -194C267 -134 303 -66 343 107C369 220 378 279 393 385L503 397L523 433H404C432 619 464 660 500 660C522 660 542 646 566 621C573 614 583 615 593 621C603 628 620 648 620 667Z"></path></g></svg> (<i>μ</i>s)</td><td class="align_center">3.83</td><td class="align_center">0.55</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><svg height="10.9953pt" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-3.18148pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.81382 10.6635 10.9953" width="10.6635pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M324 430H196L233 583L223 592L145 529L120 430H54L29 396L31 388H111L56 126C33 15 54 -12 77 -12C137 -12 214 57 250 95L233 119C208 92 155 59 138 59C126 59 120 70 131 125L186 390L298 394L324 430Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.368,3.132)"><path d="M622 479C622 589 545 650 400 650H146L140 618C229 609 230 602 215 527L135 132C117 43 112 41 27 32L18 0H305L313 32C213 40 205 44 222 132L251 284L324 262H365C484 269 622 333 622 479ZM528 477C528 356 420 305 344 305C300 305 276 314 259 321L303 554C311 597 313 600 331 606C345 611 361 614 379 614C463 614 528 580 528 477Z"></path></g></svg> (<i>μ</i>s)</td><td class="align_center">77.5</td><td class="align_center">0.58</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Statistical parameters of lightning strokes [<a href="/journals/ijer/2023/4160125/#B37" target="_blank">37</a>].</div>

International Journal of Energy Research

tab8

Table 8

Table 8: Analysis of Electrical Characteristics of Composite Insulators with the Presence of Optimum Layer of ZnO Microvaristors 