Geographic, Racial/Ethnic, and Sociodemographic Disparities in Parent-Reported Receipt of Family-Centered Care among US Children

Table 1

Observed (unadjusted) prevalence of not receiving family-centered care according to US state and selected sociodemographic characteristics: the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health (,001).

Covariate	⁢No family-centered care		⁢Not spending enough time		⁢Does not listen carefully		⁢Not sensitive to values		⁢Not providing information		⁢Not feeling like a partner
	Weighted %	SE	Weighted %	SE	Weighted %	SE	Weighted %	SE	Weighted %	SE	Weighted %	SE
United States	33.41	0.37	22.51	0.34	10.62	0.25	10.84	0.27	14.74	0.29	12.27	0.27
State of residence
Alaska	31.99	1.68	21.21	1.48	10.17	1.11	11.08	1.19	15.44	1.33	12.61	1.22
Alabama	34.27	1.69	22.89	1.55	10.87	1.18	10.51	1.09	13.58	1.22	11.81	1.16
Arkansas	32.76	1.73	22.60	1.59	10.80	1.17	9.36	1.09	12.62	1.19	10.79	1.16
Arizona	40.98	1.76	30.11	1.70	13.60	1.27	13.38	1.27	19.28	1.45	15.81	1.32
California	42.23	1.81	29.90	1.68	14.63	1.27	15.95	1.37	21.23	1.50	16.70	1.35
Colorado	31.27	1.75	18.94	1.52	11.38	1.23	10.76	1.19	15.25	1.39	11.32	1.21
Connecticut	29.15	1.41	18.67	1.23	8.56	0.89	7.39	0.80	11.30	0.98	9.08	0.86
District of Columbia	36.92	2.07	23.31	1.82	9.49	1.25	11.84	1.40	14.51	1.51	11.65	1.40
Delaware	32.59	1.69	21.12	1.50	8.14	1.02	8.11	1.04	12.10	1.20	11.28	1.17
Florida	37.84	1.74	26.92	1.63	12.40	1.24	11.83	1.17	17.00	1.35	15.14	1.33
Georgia	34.85	1.69	23.75	1.54	11.08	1.16	10.94	1.13	13.08	1.17	13.63	1.23
Hawaii	32.52	1.50	21.38	1.31	9.13	0.94	10.15	0.99	15.74	1.17	11.16	1.00
Iowa	22.44	1.38	14.15	1.17	6.61	0.83	6.13	0.84	10.18	0.99	7.70	0.89
Idaho	28.92	1.72	19.21	1.54	7.13	0.92	6.87	0.92	13.62	1.28	10.27	1.12
Illinois	32.32	1.56	22.23	1.42	8.88	0.96	10.46	1.07	14.23	1.16	10.89	1.02
Indiana	28.98	1.61	18.23	1.39	8.61	1.05	8.04	1.00	13.55	1.24	9.56	1.10
Kansas	30.25	1.57	19.94	1.40	8.75	0.96	7.99	0.96	13.04	1.16	9.68	0.98
Kentucky	29.00	1.53	18.15	1.33	9.19	0.99	8.79	0.98	11.97	1.06	10.54	1.03
Louisiana	33.22	1.71	23.30	1.59	9.02	1.04	8.73	1.03	14.60	1.30	12.30	1.20
Massachusetts	26.04	1.42	16.53	1.24	5.17	0.69	7.02	0.90	9.64	0.87	8.06	0.88
Maryland	31.79	1.67	21.65	1.52	10.70	1.12	9.11	1.04	12.71	1.17	11.24	1.15
Maine	25.18	1.42	14.93	1.23	8.16	0.94	5.77	0.77	10.26	0.92	9.29	0.96
Michigan	27.60	1.59	18.30	1.40	7.24	0.88	7.04	0.90	11.42	1.10	10.24	1.10
Minnesota	28.04	1.60	18.08	1.41	8.96	1.06	8.59	1.08	13.76	1.28	10.15	1.10
Missouri	26.03	1.46	16.38	1.23	8.49	0.93	6.18	0.78	10.34	0.98	8.81	0.95
Mississippi	39.64	1.85	29.04	1.74	14.38	1.36	15.16	1.39	17.22	1.47	15.94	1.42
Montana	30.09	1.58	18.19	1.34	10.68	1.08	8.89	1.02	14.10	1.19	11.37	1.07
North Carolina	32.60	1.76	23.88	1.63	8.33	1.04	7.04	0.95	10.99	1.13	9.23	1.09
North Dakota	26.32	1.60	14.12	1.24	7.58	0.96	6.55	0.93	11.65	1.13	7.88	0.98
Nebraska	27.64	1.47	18.20	1.32	7.33	0.85	7.45	0.92	11.66	1.04	8.62	0.96
New Hampshire	23.95	1.45	12.18	1.11	6.60	0.85	5.88	0.81	9.38	0.95	9.52	1.01
New Jersey	34.57	1.60	21.43	1.42	8.91	0.95	10.75	1.10	16.06	1.25	14.17	1.19
New Mexico	41.30	1.88	29.61	1.79	13.57	1.32	13.84	1.38	17.04	1.43	14.42	1.36
Nevada	41.82	1.87	29.77	1.74	16.57	1.45	16.54	1.44	21.32	1.55	17.33	1.43
New York	36.19	1.52	22.36	1.34	10.30	1.00	13.46	1.13	17.49	1.22	13.62	1.11
Ohio	28.64	1.62	18.01	1.39	8.55	1.04	7.88	1.01	11.73	1.17	10.90	1.20
Oklahoma	30.31	1.56	20.25	1.39	12.09	1.14	9.30	1.00	12.87	1.11	12.72	1.16
Oregon	31.46	1.60	19.57	1.42	11.19	1.15	9.52	1.09	12.81	1.13	10.92	1.10
Pennsylvania	28.88	1.75	17.60	1.49	8.38	1.09	7.00	0.98	10.99	1.17	9.23	1.12
Rhode Island	28.45	1.51	17.83	1.30	7.97	0.95	9.25	1.04	12.53	1.13	10.54	1.06
South Carolina	32.12	1.62	20.53	1.38	10.20	1.05	10.88	1.11	14.65	1.23	11.46	1.12
South Dakota	27.42	1.48	18.56	1.32	8.18	0.89	8.05	0.92	11.71	1.04	9.21	0.96
Tennessee	28.39	1.63	19.95	1.46	9.72	1.09	8.49	1.02	11.53	1.15	10.03	1.14
Texas	36.50	1.79	26.63	1.66	13.64	1.31	15.03	1.38	15.69	1.35	13.81	1.30
Utah	23.72	1.41	15.69	1.24	6.71	0.80	5.59	0.81	12.16	1.10	8.27	0.92
Virginia	33.31	1.73	22.09	1.58	10.76	1.18	10.06	1.17	13.35	1.24	11.27	1.19
Vermont	19.36	1.28	9.80	1.00	5.21	0.74	5.64	0.79	8.75	0.87	6.86	0.82
Washington	29.12	1.61	16.65	1.31	10.00	1.11	9.66	1.06	13.33	1.21	11.79	1.18
Wisconsin	24.72	1.45	15.84	1.27	6.45	0.81	6.91	0.87	10.15	1.01	6.42	0.77
West Virginia	26.06	1.39	14.89	1.14	9.23	0.97	8.75	0.94	9.90	0.93	9.21	0.93
Wyoming	27.53	1.47	15.03	1.16	9.03	0.95	6.75	0.83	12.09	1.05	8.37	0.90
Child's age, y
0–5	30.76	0.64	21.09	0.59	8.92	0.39	9.81	0.43	13.39	0.47	10.37	0.42
6–11	34.64	0.65	23.46	0.59	11.20	0.46	11.19	0.46	15.83	0.52	13.01	0.48
12–17	34.72	0.64	22.94	0.58	11.68	0.45	11.46	0.48	15.90	0.49	13.37	0.47
Child's sex
Male	33.63	0.51	22.92	0.48	10.82	0.36	11.37	0.38	15.02	0.41	12.77	0.39
Female	33.18	0.53	22.09	0.48	10.41	0.35	10.28	0.37	14.45	0.41	11.76	0.37
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic	49.98	1.05	39.12	1.01	17.16	0.78	20.03	0.86	21.58	0.87	17.85	0.80
Non-Hispanic White	22.29	0.37	12.24	0.30	6.49	0.22	5.40	0.21	9.88	0.28	8.08	0.26
Non-Hispanic Black	43.76	1.03	31.44	0.95	13.74	0.75	14.25	0.72	18.07	0.82	16.10	0.77
Mixed race	30.10	1.41	18.30	1.24	11.00	0.99	9.51	0.90	13.17	1.02	10.58	0.87
Other	45.04	1.50	31.20	1.40	13.96	1.06	15.81	1.10	22.91	1.22	18.90	1.15
Household composition
Two-parent biological household	30.33	0.44	19.91	0.40	9.05	0.29	9.47	0.31	13.54	0.34	10.76	0.31
Two-parent stepfamily	37.72	1.35	27.57	1.33	12.99	1.00	11.79	1.02	13.97	0.99	14.24	1.08
Single mother	40.42	0.88	28.19	0.82	13.60	0.65	14.34	0.68	18.57	0.72	15.21	0.67
Other family types	37.85	1.44	25.22	1.30	14.21	1.08	12.88	0.90	16.53	1.13	15.97	1.03
Child health status
CSHCN	32.97	0.78	20.22	0.68	11.97	0.58	11.11	0.57	15.88	0.62	13.22	0.59
No CSHCN	33.52	0.42	23.11	0.39	10.28	0.28	10.77	0.30	14.45	0.32	12.03	0.30
Place of residence
Metropolitan	45.83	0.43	22.68	0.39	10.53	0.29	10.94	0.30	14.98	0.33	12.44	0.30
Nonmetropolitan	44.52	0.74	21.85	0.66	11.07	0.53	10.35	0.55	13.63	0.55	11.49	0.55
Primary language spoken at home
English	28.44	0.36	17.64	0.31	8.77	0.23	8.08	0.23	12.28	0.27	10.40	0.25
Any other language	62.03	1.24	50.51	1.26	21.23	1.03	26.63	1.13	28.71	1.14	22.94	1.05
Household/parental education level, y
<12	58.65	1.43	46.59	1.46	21.88	1.23	25.87	1.32	26.55	1.30	21.48	1.22
12	42.63	0.94	31.38	0.90	13.70	0.67	14.26	0.71	17.03	0.74	14.71	0.68
>12	26.33	0.39	15.67	0.32	7.80	0.24	7.27	0.25	11.98	0.29	9.91	0.27
Household poverty status [ratio of family income to poverty threshold]
Below 100%	50.60	0.89	39.15	0.90	18.40	0.73	19.82	0.76	22.30	0.78	19.21	0.74
100–199%	40.17	0.88	28.08	0.83	14.11	0.66	14.42	0.69	18.23	0.74	15.15	0.68
200–399%	28.02	0.67	17.42	0.60	7.62	0.39	7.62	0.42	12.10	0.48	9.76	0.44
At or above 400%	20.81	0.58	10.97	0.45	5.15	0.33	4.60	0.32	29.04	0.39	7.39	0.36
Health insurance status at time of survey
Private insurance	25.10	0.42	52.60	2.00	33.68	2.07	29.53	2.05	35.31	2.01	30.12	1.95
Public insurance	43.14	0.68	31.19	0.64	13.73	0.48	15.28	0.52	18.03	0.53	15.31	0.50
No insurance	63.59	1.90	14.84	0.36	6.96	0.25	6.68	0.26	11.10	0.31	9.04	0.29

The chi-square test for the overall association between each covariate and the family-centered care outcomes was statistically significant at level, except sex and child health status.