International Journal of Family Medicine

Research Article

Geographic, Racial/Ethnic, and Sociodemographic Disparities in Parent-Reported Receipt of Family-Centered Care among US Children

Table 4

Adjusted¹ odds of not receiving family-centered care by state, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics: the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health.


Covariate	No family-centered care			Not spending enough time			Does not listen carefully			Not sensitive to values			Not providing information			Not feeling like partner
Covariate	AOR	95% CI		AOR	95% CI		AOR	95% CI		AOR	95% CI		AOR	95% CI		AOR	95% CI

Alaska	1.36	1.08	1.72	1.55	1.16	2.09	1.36	0.92	2.02	1.27	0.86	1.89	1.34	0.99	1.82	1.36	0.97	1.93
Alabama	1.47	1.17	1.86	1.61	1.20	2.18	1.56	1.05	2.31	1.19	0.80	1.78	1.14	0.83	1.56	1.23	0.87	1.76
Arkansas	1.33	1.05	1.69	1.53	1.13	2.07	1.49	1.00	2.23	1.00	0.67	1.51	1.02	0.75	1.40	1.10	0.76	1.58
Arizona	1.65	1.29	2.11	1.81	1.33	2.47	1.63	1.09	2.45	1.20	0.80	1.80	1.45	1.05	1.99	1.47	1.03	2.10
California	1.56	1.21	2.00	1.57	1.15	2.15	1.90	1.28	2.82	1.40	0.92	2.12	1.59	1.15	2.19	1.57	1.09	2.25
Colorado	1.40	1.09	1.80	1.28	0.92	1.77	1.81	1.20	2.73	1.27	0.83	1.94	1.35	0.97	1.87	1.26	0.86	1.83
Connecticut	1.29	1.02	1.63	1.34	0.99	1.83	1.44	0.96	2.15	0.89	0.59	1.36	0.98	0.71	1.35	1.02	0.71	1.46
District of Columbia	1.19	0.91	1.57	1.09	0.78	1.53	1.15	0.73	1.80	1.02	0.65	1.58	1.00	0.69	1.43	0.99	0.66	1.49
Delaware	1.42	1.11	1.83	1.48	1.08	2.04	1.25	0.81	1.93	0.94	0.60	1.46	1.02	0.72	1.43	1.23	0.84	1.80
Florida	1.53	1.20	1.96	1.69	1.24	2.31	1.63	1.09	2.43	1.17	0.77	1.77	1.32	0.96	1.80	1.50	1.05	2.15
Georgia	1.35	1.06	1.72	1.45	1.06	1.97	1.44	0.96	2.15	1.09	0.72	1.65	0.96	0.69	1.33	1.33	0.93	1.90
Hawaii	1.29	1.01	1.64	1.42	1.04	1.94	1.29	0.85	1.96	1.08	0.72	1.64	1.20	0.87	1.65	1.06	0.73	1.52
Iowa	1.05	0.83	1.33	1.22	0.90	1.66	1.15	0.76	1.74	0.89	0.58	1.37	1.01	0.74	1.39	0.98	0.68	1.41
Idaho	1.34	1.05	1.71	1.56	1.14	2.14	1.06	0.70	1.59	0.87	0.57	1.33	1.36	1.00	1.86	1.28	0.90	1.82
Illinois	1.28	1.01	1.62	1.41	1.04	1.92	1.31	0.88	1.97	1.13	0.75	1.69	1.17	0.86	1.59	1.14	0.79	1.63
Indiana	1.31	1.02	1.67	1.39	1.02	1.91	1.34	0.89	2.04	1.03	0.67	1.58	1.25	0.90	1.72	1.09	0.74	1.59
Kansas	1.37	1.08	1.73	1.48	1.09	2.01	1.32	0.88	1.97	0.95	0.62	1.44	1.16	0.85	1.59	1.08	0.75	1.55
Kentucky	1.34	1.07	1.70	1.46	1.08	1.99	1.42	0.95	2.11	1.18	0.79	1.76	1.11	0.82	1.51	1.23	0.87	1.75
Louisiana	1.32	1.04	1.68	1.55	1.14	2.11	1.25	0.83	1.89	0.93	0.62	1.41	1.22	0.88	1.68	1.28	0.90	1.84
Massachusetts	1.19	0.94	1.52	1.31	0.95	1.79	0.89	0.58	1.38	0.94	0.61	1.46	0.87	0.63	1.20	0.95	0.65	1.38
Maryland	1.36	1.05	1.75	1.52	1.10	2.10	1.74	1.15	2.64	1.06	0.69	1.64	1.06	0.76	1.48	1.21	0.83	1.77
Maine	1.29	1.03	1.61	1.45	1.07	1.96	1.45	0.98	2.13	0.91	0.61	1.37	1.10	0.82	1.47	1.28	0.91	1.80
Michigan	1.20	0.94	1.52	1.40	1.02	1.90	1.13	0.75	1.71	0.88	0.58	1.35	1.01	0.73	1.39	1.16	0.80	1.66
Minnesota	1.37	1.08	1.73	1.54	1.14	2.10	1.56	1.04	2.35	1.21	0.79	1.86	1.33	0.97	1.83	1.24	0.86	1.78
Missouri	1.16	0.92	1.48	1.28	0.94	1.75	1.38	0.92	2.06	0.80	0.53	1.22	0.92	0.67	1.28	1.01	0.70	1.46
Mississippi	1.61	1.27	2.03	1.91	1.42	2.58	1.82	1.24	2.67	1.58	1.08	2.31	1.36	1.00	1.86	1.59	1.13	2.23
Montana	1.45	1.16	1.82	1.55	1.15	2.08	1.60	1.09	2.33	1.19	0.80	1.77	1.36	1.01	1.82	1.36	0.97	1.90
North Carolina	1.31	1.03	1.68	1.63	1.20	2.22	1.10	0.72	1.68	0.71	0.46	1.10	0.86	0.61	1.19	0.91	0.63	1.33
North Dakota	1.33	1.05	1.69	1.25	0.91	1.72	1.23	0.82	1.85	0.96	0.62	1.47	1.17	0.86	1.60	0.98	0.68	1.43
Nebraska	1.26	1.00	1.59	1.43	1.05	1.94	1.15	0.76	1.72	0.94	0.62	1.43	1.07	0.79	1.45	1.01	0.70	1.45
New Hampshire	1.35	1.06	1.73	1.24	0.90	1.72	1.39	0.90	2.14	1.06	0.68	1.67	0.99	0.71	1.39	1.35	0.92	1.96
New Jersey	1.56	1.22	1.98	1.49	1.09	2.03	1.44	0.96	2.17	1.30	0.86	1.96	1.42	1.04	1.95	1.64	1.15	2.34
New Mexico	1.49	1.17	1.91	1.57	1.15	2.14	1.53	1.03	2.28	1.13	0.76	1.70	1.23	0.89	1.69	1.27	0.88	1.83
Nevada	1.61	1.25	2.07	1.64	1.19	2.26	2.11	1.41	3.15	1.49	0.99	2.26	1.59	1.15	2.20	1.62	1.13	2.33
New York	1.51	1.20	1.91	1.38	1.02	1.87	1.50	1.01	2.23	1.49	1.01	2.21	1.45	1.07	1.97	1.43	1.01	2.03
Ohio	1.35	1.05	1.72	1.47	1.07	2.00	1.39	0.91	2.13	1.07	0.69	1.66	1.09	0.78	1.51	1.29	0.89	1.88
Oklahoma	1.23	0.97	1.56	1.39	1.02	1.88	1.71	1.17	2.51	1.03	0.69	1.53	1.06	0.78	1.45	1.36	0.96	1.92
Oregon	1.38	1.09	1.75	1.36	1.00	1.86	1.73	1.16	2.56	1.10	0.72	1.68	1.09	0.79	1.50	1.20	0.83	1.72
Pennsylvania	1.34	1.04	1.73	1.35	0.97	1.88	1.37	0.89	2.11	0.90	0.57	1.40	0.99	0.70	1.39	1.07	0.73	1.57
Rhode Island	1.19	0.93	1.52	1.20	0.87	1.65	1.24	0.81	1.88	1.08	0.71	1.66	1.06	0.76	1.47	1.16	0.80	1.68
South Carolina	1.22	0.96	1.55	1.24	0.91	1.68	1.34	0.90	1.99	1.15	0.77	1.72	1.16	0.85	1.58	1.12	0.79	1.61
South Dakota	1.36	1.09	1.70	1.73	1.29	2.32	1.34	0.91	1.97	1.15	0.78	1.70	1.16	0.86	1.57	1.14	0.81	1.62
Tennessee	1.12	0.88	1.43	1.36	1.00	1.85	1.34	0.89	2.02	0.95	0.62	1.45	0.93	0.67	1.30	1.03	0.70	1.51
Texas	1.23	0.95	1.58	1.35	0.99	1.84	1.66	1.11	2.48	1.33	0.89	1.99	1.11	0.80	1.53	1.26	0.87	1.81
Utah	1.06	0.83	1.35	1.22	0.89	1.68	1.06	0.69	1.62	0.72	0.45	1.13	1.11	0.81	1.53	0.95	0.66	1.39
Virginia	1.56	1.22	1.99	1.70	1.24	2.33	1.76	1.17	2.65	1.26	0.83	1.91	1.17	0.84	1.61	1.27	0.88	1.84
Vermont	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
Washington	1.22	0.95	1.57	1.07	0.78	1.48	1.57	1.04	2.37	1.13	0.75	1.72	1.14	0.82	1.58	1.32	0.91	1.91
Wisconsin	1.12	0.88	1.43	1.28	0.93	1.76	1.09	0.72	1.66	0.94	0.61	1.44	0.95	0.69	1.32	0.76	0.52	1.11
West Virginia	1.28	1.02	1.60	1.33	0.99	1.79	1.61	1.09	2.36	1.37	0.93	2.03	0.98	0.72	1.34	1.18	0.83	1.67
Wyoming	1.40	1.12	1.76	1.32	0.98	1.78	1.54	1.05	2.25	0.98	0.66	1.47	1.29	0.96	1.73	1.11	0.78	1.57
Child's age, y
0–5	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
6–11	1.24	1.13	1.35	1.18	1.07	1.31	1.28	1.12	1.47	1.18	1.02	1.35	1.37	1.22	1.55	1.29	1.14	1.47
12–17	1.36	1.24	1.49	1.27	1.15	1.41	1.44	1.25	1.65	1.33	1.16	1.53	1.48	1.32	1.66	1.41	1.25	1.60
Child's sex
Male	1.01	0.95	1.09	1.04	0.96	1.13	1.02	0.92	1.13	1.11	0.99	1.24	1.04	0.95	1.14	1.09	0.99	1.20
Female	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
Non-Hispanic Black	2.11	1.90	2.34	2.48	2.21	2.79	1.68	1.43	1.98	2.11	1.79	2.49	1.59	1.38	1.83	1.65	1.42	1.93
Hispanic	1.58	1.39	1.79	1.91	1.66	2.19	1.42	1.18	1.73	1.69	1.39	2.07	1.18	0.99	1.40	1.27	1.05	1.53
Non-Hispanic mixed race	1.38	1.19	1.59	1.45	1.21	1.74	1.57	1.28	1.94	1.62	1.31	2.01	1.26	1.05	1.52	1.21	0.99	1.46
Other	2.23	1.92	2.59	2.38	2.01	2.83	1.88	1.52	2.33	2.40	1.92	3.00	2.10	1.76	2.50	2.16	1.79	2.61
Household composition
Two-parent biological household	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
Two-parent stepfamily	1.28	1.13	1.45	1.48	1.27	1.71	1.33	1.10	1.60	1.22	0.98	1.51	0.97	0.81	1.15	1.27	1.05	1.55
Single mother	1.05	0.95	1.15	1.02	0.91	1.14	1.10	0.95	1.27	1.11	0.95	1.29	1.14	1.00	1.29	1.12	0.97	1.29
Other family type	1.12	0.97	1.29	1.08	0.91	1.28	1.37	1.12	1.68	1.20	0.99	1.45	1.11	0.92	1.33	1.37	1.15	1.64
Place of residence
Metropolitan	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
Nonmetropolitan	1.03	0.93	1.13	1.01	0.90	1.12	1.15	0.99	1.34	1.10	0.92	1.31	0.95	0.83	1.08	0.95	0.82	1.10
Primary language spoken at home
English	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
Any other language	2.23	1.93	2.58	2.35	2.02	2.73	1.49	1.23	1.82	1.97	1.61	2.42	1.85	1.55	2.20	1.64	1.36	1.98
Household/parental education level, y
<12	1.54	1.33	1.79	1.60	1.37	1.86	1.26	1.04	1.53	1.45	1.19	1.75	1.19	1.00	1.41	1.10	0.91	1.33
12	1.31	1.19	1.44	1.44	1.29	1.61	1.08	0.94	1.25	1.17	1.00	1.37	1.00	0.88	1.14	1.01	0.88	1.16
12+	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
Household poverty status (ratio of family income to poverty threshold)
Below 100%	1.96	1.69	2.26	2.29	1.95	2.69	2.58	2.03	3.28	2.49	1.94	3.18	1.98	1.66	2.37	2.08	1.72	2.52
100–199%	1.68	1.48	1.91	1.86	1.60	2.16	2.17	1.74	2.70	2.22	1.75	2.81	1.79	1.51	2.12	1.78	1.48	2.13
200–399%	1.34	1.21	1.49	1.48	1.30	1.69	1.38	1.15	1.65	1.55	1.28	1.88	1.35	1.19	1.53	1.31	1.13	1.52
At or above 400%	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
Health insurance status at time of survey
Private insurance	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference	1.00		Reference
Public insurance	1.06	0.96	1.18	1.03	0.92	1.16	0.99	0.85	1.16	1.04	0.89	1.22	1.00	0.88	1.14	1.01	0.88	1.16
No insurance	2.83	2.37	3.36	3.03	2.53	3.61	3.49	2.81	4.33	2.63	2.09	3.32	2.62	2.15	3.19	2.55	2.06	3.14

Adjusted by multivariate logistic regression for state, child's age, sex, race/ethnicity, household language use, household composition, metropolitan/nonmetropolitan residence, parental education, household poverty status, and health insurance status.