Research Article
Design and Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives as PDE Inhibitors
Table 3
Effect of various coumarin derivatives on kinematics of frozen-thawed spermatozoa at one hour after incubation in vitro.
| | Parameters | Compounds | Concentrations of compounds in µg/mL | VC | PTF | | C | 0 | 0.5 | 5 | (0.05% DMSO) | (1 mM) |
| Velocity curvilinear
(VCL) | 5d | 66.2 ± 6.6 | 64.0 ± 5.3 | 63.4 ± 6.3 | 71.0 ± 3.6 | 66.0 ± 6.6 | 82.4 ± 5.2 | | 5f | 79.5 ± 7.1 | 80.5 ± 7.4 | 83.8 ± 7.2 | 75.5 ± 8.2 | 77.0 ± 8.1 | 84.3 ± 7.5 | | 5g | 79.8 ± 11.5 | 75.3 ± 11.2 | 74.3 ± 6.3 | 71.0 ± 9.2 | 78.5 ± 10.6 | 85.5 ± 5.2 | | 5h | 88.5 ± 10.4 | 79.8 ± 9.0 | 91.0 ± 2.9 | 92.0 ± 6.1 | 85.3 ± 7.3 | 76.5 ± 10.1 | | 5k | 71.8 ± 0.9 | 71.0 ± 4.7 | 73.3 ± 4.3 | 82.5 ± 11.9 | 70.0 ± 2.9 | 78.3 ± 5.3 |
| Velocity straight line
(VSL) | 5d | 22.2 ± 1.8 | 22.4 ± 1.0 | 24.2 ± 1.6 | 26.6 ± 2.4 | 22.0 ± 1.8 | 25.8 ± 2.1 | | 5f | 23.8 ± 1.2 | 23.5 ± 1.0 | 25.0 ± 1.7 | 24.5 ± 1.3 | 23.0 ± 1.7 | 24.8 ± 2.9 | | 5g | 23.0 ± 2.0 | 24.8 ± 3.5 | 23.5 ± 4.7 | 22.8 ± 2.3 | 26.3 ± 4.6 | 23.8 ± 2.0 | | 5h | 32.8 ± 6.5 | 31.0 ± 8.1 | 30.3 ± 4.4 | 27.3 ± 4.6 | 30.3 ± 5.6 | 31.8 ± 6.6 | | 5k | 25.5 ± 4.6 | 24.0 ± 2.6 | 23.5 ± 3.0 | 27.5 ± 2.6 | 25.8 ± 5.0 | 27.5 ± 3.5 |
| Velocity average
Path (VAP) | 5d | 33.4 ± 2.0 | 33.6 ± 1.7 | 32.4 ± 1.8 | 37.6 ± 1.9 | 33.4 ± 2.0 | 39.2 ± 1.9 | | 5f | 38.5 ± 2.3 | 40.8 ± 1.9 | 38.3 ± 1.4 | 36.8 ± 2.3 | 37.8 ± 2.6 | 40.0 ± 3.0 | | 5g | 38.8 ± 4.5 | 37.0 ± 4.0 | 39.8 ± 5.0 | 36.0 ± 4.2 | 39.5 ± 5.0 | 40.3 ± 2.8 | | 5h | 46.5 ± 7.3 | 45.5 ± 3.0 | 43.8 ± 8.0 | 44.5 ± 3.8 | 42.8 ± 5.4 | 44.3 ± 6.2 | | 5k | 38.5 ± 2.5 | 38.5 ± 1.9 | 37.5 ± 2.4 | 41.5 ± 4.0 | 39.0 ± 2.8 | 39.8 ± 2.9 |
| Amplitude of lateral
head displacement
(ALH) | 5d | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | | 5f | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | | 5g | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 00 | | 5h | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | | 5k | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0 | 2.0 ± 00 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.5 |
| Linearity
(LIN) | 5d | 34.0 ± 1.3 | 35.6 ± 1.3 | 38.6 ± 2.9 | 37.4 ± 2.8 | 33.8 ± 1.2 | 31.2 ± 2.3 | | 5f | 30.0 ± 1.9 | 30.5 ± 4.2 | 30.8 ± 4.5 | 33.8 ± 4.2 | 30.0 ± 1.9 | 29.3 ± 3.1 | | 5g | 30.0 ± 2.8 | 34.0 ± 4.5 | 30.8 ± 3.8 | 32.5 ± 1.9 | 33.3 ± 2.8 | 42.0 ± 8.1 | | 5h | 35.8 ± 3.0 | 38.3 ± 6.4 | 33.5 ± 4.6 | 29.8 ± 4.3 | 34.3 ± 3.9 | 42.0 ± 8.1 | | 5k | 35.5 ± 6.7 | 34.0 ± 4.7 | 33.0 ± 5.2 | 34.8 ± 4.2 | 36.8 ± 7.9 | 35.0 ± 4.1 |
| Straightness
(STR) | 5d | 66.0 ± 1.2 | 69.0 ± 1.7 | 71.2 ±2.5 | 66.0 ± 1.2 | 69.0 ± 1.7 | 71.2 ±2.5 | | 5f | 61.3 ± 3.1 | 61.3 ± 4.6 | 61.8 ± 5.1 | 61.3 ± 3.1 | 61.3 ± 4.6 | 61.8 ± 5.1 | | 5g | 60.5 ± 3.8 | 62.8 ± 6.5 | 61.5 ± 5.1 | 60.5 ± 3.8 | 62.8 ± 6.5 | 61.5 ± 5.1 | | 5h | 68.8 ± 3.9 | 69.3 ± 5.8 | 65.0 ± 5.1 | 68.8 ± 3.9 | 69.3 ± 5.8 | 65.0 ± 5.1 | | 5k | 65.5 ± 7.9 | 63.8 ± 6.2 | 61.3 ± 7.5 | 65.5 ± 7.9 | 63.8 ± 6.2 | 61.3 ± 7.5 |
| Wobble
(WOB) | 5d | 50.8 ± 2.0 | 53.6 ± 2.6 | 51.2 ± 1.6 | 50.8 ± 2.0 | 53.6 ± 2.6 | 51.2 ± 1.6 | | 5f | 48.5 ± 1.7 | 48.8 ± 2.8 | 49.3 ± 3.1 | 48.5 ± 1.7 | 48.8 ± 2.8 | 49.3 ± 3.1 | | 5g | 48.8 ± 1.5 | 49.5 ± 1.8 | 53.8 ± 2.2 | 48.8 ± 1.5 | 49.5 ± 1.8 | 53.8 ± 2.2 | | 5h | 51.5 ± 2.2 | 50.8 ± 2.8 | 54.2 ± 4.8 | 51.5 ± 2.2 | 50.8 ± 2.8 | 54.2 ± 4.8 | | 5k | 53.8 ± 4.1 | 53.0 ± 2.4 | 53.0 ± 2.4 | 53.8 ± 4.1 | 53.0 ± 2.4 | 53.0 ± 2.4 |
| Beat cross frequency
(BCF) | 5d | 8.6 ± 0.5 | 8.4 ± 0.4 | 8.4 ± 0.2 | 8.6 ± 0.5 | 8.4 ± 0.4 | 8.4 ± 0.2 | | 5f | 9.3 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 1.2 | 8.8 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 1.2 | 8.8 ± 0.3 | | 5g | 10.8 ± 0.9 | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 10.8 ± 0.9 | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | | 5h | 10.0 ± 0.5 | 10.8 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 10.0 ± 0.5 | 10.8 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | | 5k | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.7 | 9.8 ± 0.5 | 9.0 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.6 |
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