Application of Response Surface Methodology to Enhance Phenol Removal from Refinery Wastewater by Microwave Process
Table 3
(a) Kinetic model parameters for decomposition of 10 mg/L phenol at different initial MW output powers (Watt). (b) Reaction rate constants () observed on decomposition of phenol with different initial concentrations () at 450 Watt MW power.
(a)
Initial MW output power
100
150
300
450
600
Zero-order kinetics
0.97
0.97
0.87
0.94
0.75
(mg/min)
0.065
0.065
0.099
0.119
0.114
(min)
76.57
76.57
50.35
42.19
44.01
ERRSQ
12.12
0.52
4.94
13.05
38.74
HYBRID
33.76
2.22
23.979
19.86
215.54
First-order kinetics
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.97
(min−1)
0.008
0.008
0.013
0.017
0.017
(min)
88.87
87.74
51.73
41.01
41.51
ERRSQ
19.74
2.54
4.33
10.52
3.67
HYBRID
52.173
8.21
17.45
14.67
23.252
Second-order kinetics
0.97
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.97
(mg−1min−1)
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.003
(min)
111.11
100.00
52.63
40.00
40.00
ERRSQ
28.40
8.29
16.759
11.58
19.68
HYBRID
71.852
23.52
61.377
16.74
97.469
Half-life for zero-order: ; first-order: ; second-order: .
(b)
Initial phenol concentrations
10 mg/L
25 mg/L
50 mg/L
Zero-order kinetics
0.94
0.97
0.97
(mg/min)
0.119
0.314
0.633
(min)
42.19
39.83
39.48
ERRSQ
13.05
66.98
27.25
HYBRID
19.86
33.93
63.65
First-order kinetics
0.98
0.99
0.99
(min−1)
0.017
0.018
0.018
(min)
41.01
38.51
38.94
ERRSQ
10.52
47.91
26.97
HYBRID
14.67
25.55
56.98
Second-order kinetics
R2
0.98
0.99
0.99
(mg−1·min−1)
0.003
0.001
0.0005
(min)
40.00
36.36
40.00
ERRSQ
11.58
57.47
23.94
HYBRID
16.74
29.15
33.85
Half-life for zero-order: ; first-order: ; second-order: .
