Bounds on Biomass Estimates and Energetic Consequences of Ctenophora in the Northeast U.S. Shelf Ecosystem

Table 1

Energy density for common spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) prey items.

Prey	kJ/g	Reference
Ctenophores—lower	0.38	[9, 23]
Ctenophores—upper	0.84	[9, 23]
Pandalus
shrimp—lower	4.88	[25]
Pandalus
shrimp—upper	9.52	[25]
Amphipods	9.67	[25]
General
invertebrates—lower	1.00	[25]
General
invertebrates—upper	10.0	[25]
Medusae	0.25	[25]
Ctenophores	0.21	[25]
Cephalopods	5.50	[25]
Bivalves	1.54	[25]
Gastropods	2.28	[25]
Zooplankton	1.64	[25]
General
crustaceans—lower	3.50	[25]
General
crustaceans—upper	5.40	[25]
Tunicates	0.40	[25]
Fish—lower	4.00	[26–28]
Fish—upper	7.00	[26–28]
Forage fish—lower	10.0	[26–28], Hartman pers. comm.
Forage fish—upper	20.0	[26–28], Hartman pers. comm.