Effect of Ghrelin on Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis: Therapeutic Implications

Table 6

Relation between overexpression of ghrelin in different tissues or cellular types and glucose-insulin levels.

Transgenic animals	Ghrelin levelstransgenic versus wildtype	Treatment	Food before/during experiment	Treatment duration	Plasma glucose levels transgenic versus wildtype	Plasma insulin levels transgenic versus wildtype	Reference
Ghrelin is overexpressed inadipose tissue	AG: not change UAG: enhanced	Nothing	Ad libitum	Endpoint		Enhanced	[26]
		IP-GTT	16-h fast	2.5 hours	Diminished
		IP-ITT	16-h fast	2.5 hours	Diminished
Ghrelin is overexpressed in stomach and hypothalamus	AG: enhanced UAG: enhanced	IP-GTT	18-h fast	2.5 hours	Enhanced	Diminished	[113]
		IP-ITT	4-h fast	2.5 hours	Not change	Not change
Ghrelin is overexpressed in pancreas	AG: not change UAG: enhanced	Nothing	Overnight fast	Endpoint	Not change	Not change	[39]
		IP-GTT	Overnight fast	2 hours	Not change	Diminished
		IP-GTT	Overnight fast	2 hours	Not change	Diminished
		ITT	4-h fast	3 hours	Not change	Not change
Ghrelin is overexpressed in hypothalamus, cortex and liver	AG: enhanced UAG: enhanced	IP-GTT	20-h fast	2 hours	Enhanced	Not change	[114]
Ghrelin is overexpressed in hypothalamus, cortex and liver	AG: not change UAG: enhanced	IP-GTT	20-h fast	2 hours	Not change	Not change
Ghrelin is overexpressed in wide variety of tissues	AG: not change UAG: enhanced	Nothing	Ad libitum	Endpoint	Not change	Not change	[27]