Ghrelin, Des-Acyl Ghrelin, and Obestatin: Regulatory Roles on the Gastrointestinal Motility
Figure 4
Effects of obestatin on the gastroduodenal motility. (a) Effects of i.v. injection of obestatin on the fed motor activity of the antrum and duodenum. I.v. injection of obestatin prolongs the time between the initiation of phase III-like contractions and injection of obestatin in the duodenum. (b) The elongation of the time between injection of obestatin and initiation of phase III-like contractions in the duodenum induced by i.v. injection of obestatin is reversed by i.c.v. injection of selective CRF type 1 receptor antagonist NBI-27914 and also by selective CRF type 2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30. (c) The density of c-Fos-positive cells in the PVN is increased by i.v. injection of obestatin compared to saline-injected control. CRF-positive or urocortin 2-positive neurons are overlapped with c-Fos-positive neurons in the PVN. (d) Summary diagram of the effects of obestatin on the gastroduodenal motility and brain mechanism mediating its action.
